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gondii ESA intraperitoneally at G10 (G10 ip), together with the abortion rate up to 56.20 . Having said that, right after the injection of T. gondii ESA at G15, there was no visible fetal abnormality in pregnant mice, which was constant with all the mice in control group (Figure 1).Injection of T. gondii ESA in the Early and Intermediate Stages of Pregnancy Reduces the Frequency and Function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Cells of MiceIt has been previously determined that T. gondii has the potential to diminish the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells of mice through the gestation [17]. Consistent with those data, we located that the administration of T. gondii ESA at early (G5) and intermediate (G10) stages of pregnancy could also lead to the reduce of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. Even so, after the injection of T. gondii ESA at the late pregnancy (G15), the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells improved compared with that of the manage group (Figure 2A). The phenomenon could also be observed in the inguinal lymph nodes (LN) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) (Figure 2B and 2C), suggesting that  T. gondii ESA induced international alterations of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. Next, we tested irrespective of whether the regulatory function of these cells in the injected group ofT. gondii ESA Induced Tregs Dysfunctionmice had been damaged by evaluating the suppressing proliferation of CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro and Th2/Th1-like responses in vivo. We obtained purified CD4+CD25+ T cells from the regular pregnant mice and the mice with T. gondii ESA-injection at G5, G10 and G15, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1315463 1315463] respectively. The decreased suppressive capability of CD4+CD25+ T cells was observed in mice using the ESA-injection at G5 and G10. Nonetheless, the inhibitory capacity on the CD4+CD25+ T cells was enhanced just after the injection of T. gondii ESA at G15 (Figure 2D). Because of the capacity of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells controlling potentially detrimental IFN-c reactions throughout pregnancy [28], we [http://www.medchemexpress.com/Ingenol-Mebutate.html Ingenol 3-angelate site] detected the serum degree of IFN-c soon after the injection of T. gondii ESA. We found that the serum amount of IFN-c was up to 448.three pg/ml at G5 ip, suggesting that the activity of CD4+CD25+ Tregs on the suppression of IFN-c production was impaired (Figure 2E). As expected, in all groups of mice, the serum IL-4 levels had been not definitely impacted (Figure 2F). Taken together, the results showed that the frequency and function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells were diminished after the injection of T. gondii ESA at early and intermediate stages of pregnancy.Injection of T. gondii ESA at the Intermediate Stage of Pregnancy Decreases the Levels of Foxp3 mRNA and Protein in the Maternal-fetal Interface of MiceA complex regulation of immune response at the maternal-fetal interface promotes tolerance of paternally derived antigens [29]. To decide if the reduction of CD4+CD25+ Tregs also occurred in the maternal-fetal interface, we analyzed the expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA and protein in the placentas of mice with T. gondii ESA-injection at G10 and G15. The results showed that the expression levels of placental Foxp3 mRNA and protein were decreased at G10, but increased at G15, as compared using the control groups (Figure 3A and 3B).