Перегляд вихідного коду сторінки A Double Strain On SP600125

Group identification is important because of its  psychological consequences. Immigration research indicates, for example, that ethnic identification can buffer the negative effects elicited by societal devaluation and rejection of immigrants (e.g., Romero and Roberts, 2003; Uma?a-Taylor and Updegraff, 2007; Armenta and Hunt, 2009; Uma?a-Taylor et al., 2012). Similarly, ethnic identification is likely to play an important role when it comes to stereotype threat. Stereotype threat has been conceived as a result of a cognitive imbalance between the concept of self, the concept of a group, and the concept of an ability [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase MAO] domain (Schmader et al., 2008). Stereotype threat  occurs when individuals identify with a group (positive association between self and group) and identify with an ability domain (positive association between self and ability domain), while a negative stereotype suggests a negative connection between one��s group and the domain at hand. Prior research on stereotype threat has frequently addressed the moderating role of domain identification, that is, the self-domain link (for a review see Nguyen and Ryan, 2008). The negative effects of stereotype threat are more pronounced when individuals identify positively with the domain in question, either because it is part of their chronic self-concept (e.g., Aronson et al., 1999) or due to a situational  prime of ego-involvement (Spencer et al., 1999)2. The self-group link has received much less attention, although the stereotype threat process model (Schmader et al., 2008; Schmader and Beilock, 2012) posits that stereotype threat effects are particularly strong when the connection to one��s group is highlighted by a situational prime; stereotype threat effects are also supposed to grow with the extent to which individuals identify with their stereotyped group. The empirical results on the self-group link are somewhat mixed. The threat increasing function of group identification has been demonstrated for women (Schmader, 2002) and African Americans (Ho and Sidanius, 2010), but other findings suggest that a strong identity might buffer stereotype threat effects among both groups (McFarland et al., 2003; Eriksson and Lindholm, 2007). Extending the scope of stereotype threat theory to immigrants leads to the necessity of exploring the (potentially special) conditions and underlying mechanisms that apply for this particular target group.