Перегляд вихідного коду сторінки Absuridity Of Cisplatin

The integrated rate of leaving the primary site and founding a new colony at a distant site is denoted by q ( Figure?1B). Mutation and dissemination are unlikely to occur at the same time but instead are likely separated in time. The relative fitness of type-1 cells as compared to type-0 cells is given by ��1=(a1?b1?q)/(r?d)��1=(a1?b1?q)/(r?d) since an increased rate of export, q ?, contributes to the loss of cells from the primary tumor and hence leads to a selective disadvantage of type-1 cells in that environment. If ��1=1��1=1, then the fitness of type-1 cells is neutral as compared to that of type-0 cells and the metastasis-enabling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin Cisplatin] mutation does not confer [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/at13387.html Onalespib in vitro] an advantage or disadvantage to the cell in the primary tumor. If ��1>1��1>1 �C either through an increased growth rate or a decreased death rate of type-1 cells, then these cells have a fitness advantage; and if ��11��2>1, it is advantageous, and if ��2[http://www.selleckchem.com/erk.html ERK inhibitor] to the hospital, and autopsy refers to the time of patient death when the tumor burden is assessed and the cause of death is determined. We expect that all three cell types contribute to the size at diagnosis since in rare cases, metastatic disease with unknown primary is diagnosed, where only type-2 cells can be detected ( Ayoub et?al., 1998). Once the tumor has been diagnosed with a population size of M1, there are four options in the mathematical framework, which in the clinic depend on a host of other factors such as patient age and co-morbidities: (1) there may be no treatment; (2) the patient may receive surgery, which removes a fraction �� of the primary tumor; (3) the patient may undergo chemotherapy or chemoradiation, which reduces the growth rate of all cells by a factor of ��; or (4) the patient may receive surgery and chemotherapy or chemoradiation.