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A level of 5% was used in all significance testing, and P-values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated where appropriate. In total, 1293 patients were randomized to treatment (budesonide/formoterol n?=?636; formoterol n?=?657); [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Perifosine.html Perifosine] 88.9% of patients were male, the mean age of the study population was 65 years (range 40�C89 years) with a mean duration of COPD of 5.7 years (range 0.1�C31.9 years). The treatment groups were well balanced with regards to baseline demographics and characteristics (Table?1). Patient flow through the study is illustrated in Figure?1. One patient in the formoterol group deviated from the study protocol in that this patient did not have a current or previous smoking history of ��10 pack-years. However, it was judged before analyses that this patient could be included in the efficacy and safety populations. Both budesonide/formoterol and formoterol increased pre-dose FEV1 compared with baseline with improvements of 4.6% and 1.5% over baseline, respectively; this represented increases in FEV1 of 44?mL and 14?mL, respectively (Fig.?2). The increase from baseline in pre-dose FEV1 was significantly greater in the budesonide/formoterol group than in the formoterol group (budesonide/formoterol:formoterol ratio 1.032; 95% confidence interval: 1.013�C1.052; P?=?0.0011). Again, both budesonide/formoterol and formoterol increased 1-h post-dose FEV1. This increase was significantly greater in the budesonide/formoterol group than in the formoterol group (ratio 1.026; 95% [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gw3965.html learn more] confidence interval: 1.010�C1.043; P?=?0.0019). Significantly greater improvements in the secondary outcome measures of 1-h post-dose FVC, morning and evening peak expiratory flow, night-time awakening, breathlessness, total COPD symptom score, use of salbutamol as reliever medication and SGRQ total score were also observed in the budesonide/formoterol [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eltoprazine eltoprazine] group versus the formoterol group (Table?2). The decrease in SGRQ total score was statistically significantly greater in the budesonide/formoterol group than in the formoterol group (?4.37 vs ?2.90; P?=?0.035). The distribution of categorized changes in SGRQ total score for both treatment groups is shown in Table?3; while numerically more patients improved and less patients worsened in the budesonide/formoterol group than in the formoterol group, no statistically significant difference in improvement rate of total score was observed between treatment groups (56.4% vs 50.0%; ��2 test P?=?0.223). ��2 test P-value The changes in morning and evening peak expiratory flow from baseline were significantly greater in the budesonide/formoterol group than in the formoterol group (P?