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Indeed, this proposal has been made using a variety of perceptual matching tasks (Belger & Banich, 1992). To test this possibility for visual search, we had observers perform a standard visual search task in which there were no task-irrelevant items, but in which we manipulated task difficulty by varying target�Cdistractor similarity (Duncan & Humphreys, 1989). Figure 6 illustrates the easy search condition (identical to the standard search condition of Experiment 3) and the difficult search condition where the distractors were adjusted to appear more similar to the target. If task difficulty alone drives the hemifield effect, then a hemifield effect should emerge in the difficult [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html Rapamycin molecular weight] search condition. Figure 6 Displays and results of Experiment 4. The top panel illustrates sample trials of the easy and difficult search tasks. The easy search condition was the same as the standard search conditions of Experiments 3A and 3B. The difficult search displays were ... Method Participants Fourteen na?ve observers gave informed consent, had normal or corrected-to normal vision, and were paid or received course credit for their participation. Stimuli The stimuli for the easy search condition were the same as those for the standard search condition of Experiments 3A and 3B (see Figure 6). The only change in the difficult search condition was that the distractor Ls had small offsets to make them look more like Ts (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit] Figure 6). Procedure In a pilot study we found that randomly mixing the easy search with the difficult search slowed performance in the easy condition (relative to the identical standard search condition of Experiments 3A and 3B). Thus, in the current study, conditions were blocked and counterbalanced across observers. To familiarize observers with the conditions and task, each observer first performed 32 trials with easy search and difficult search trials randomly mixed. Then each observer completed 4 blocks of 96 test trials (2 blocks of the [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MG132.html MG-132 cost] easy search condition, 2 blocks of the difficult search condition), with the order of conditions counterbalanced across subjects (ABBA, BAAB). Except for the blocking of conditions, the procedure was identical to that of Experiment 3, including the monitoring of eye position. Results Participants rarely moved their eyes away from fixation during a trial (7.3% of trials) and were equally likely to do so in the bilateral and unilateral conditions (7% and 8%, respectively; t[13] = 1.92, p = 0.08, r2 = .22). Overall error rates were low in the easy search condition and did not differ between the bilateral and unilateral displays (5% and 4%, respectively; t[13] = 1.41, p = 0.18, r2 = .13). Error rates were higher in the difficult condition but also did not differ between bilateral and unilateral displays (25% and 23%, respectively; t