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A meta-analysis established that MRI was 91% accurate in detecting severe disease but only 62% in patients [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PF-2341066.html PF-02341066 cell line] with mild disease or remission [1]. Efforts are therefore made to increase the accuracy of MRI in mild or inactive disease. Mild disease activity can be detected at colonoscopy as superficial ulcerations of the bowel wall. On standard MR enterography sequences their visibility is suboptimal [2] and have a weak agreement when assessed by multiple observers [3]. Gadolinium is an extracellular contrast agent that rapidly passes from the vasculature into the extravascular-extracellular space, resulting in parenchymal enhancement. The increase in signal intensity of actively diseased bowel is caused by increased vascular permeability of inflammatory tissue, possibly with a positive correlation between mesenteric hypervascularity/vascular permeability and disease activity. This hypothesis is supported by findings by Brahme and Lindstr?m [4] who have shown that the degree of vascularity is closely related to the intensity of the inflammatory reaction [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/INCB18424.html find more] in surgical specimens of Crohn's disease. This finding is important as analysis of the time-dependent changes of signal intensity after administration of contrast medium by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) reflects the status of tissue microcirculation and this may add valuable information about disease severity, such as the presence of mild ulcerative disease. Earlier studies on contrast enhancement of luminal Crohn's disease have either determined enhancement ratios of pathological bowel wall versus normal bowel wall [5]?and?[6] or subjectively determined the degree of enhancement (e.g. mild, moderate or marked enhancement) [7]. Previous DCE-MRI studies have mainly focused on the presence of active versus inactive disease [8], [9], [10]?and?[11] or used a reference standard based on clinical symptoms [6]. However, with these methods no differentiation is possible between the different disease activity stages necessary for management. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate objective DCE-MRI parameters for the evaluation of disease severity in patients with luminal Crohn's disease, with an emphasis on mild ulcerative disease. Ethical permission was obtained [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DYRK1B AZ191] by the hospitals medical ethics committee and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Forty consecutive patients with known Crohn's disease who were scheduled for ileocolonoscopy and MR enterography within 1 month for assessment of disease activity were prospectively included from February 2009 to November 2010. Exclusion criteria were age