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Tarabykin; 1:500), rabbit polyclonal anti-SATB2 (gift from V. Tarabykin; 1:500), rat monoclonal anti-SST (Millipore; 1:1000) and rabbit polyclonal anti-VIP (Immunostar). Secondary antibodies used were as follows: Alexa Fluor [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html Tofacitinib price] 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse, anti-rat, anti-goat and anti-rabbit and Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse, anti-rat, anti-goat and anti-rabbit (all from Invitrogen; all 1:500). In situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) was carried out essentially as described (Schaeren-Wiemers and Gerfin-Moser, 1993). Riboprobes used were specific for: Cux2 (gift from F. Guillemot); Dclk2 (IMAGE 6822681); Er81 (gift from S. Arber); Kcnc1 (gift from N. Kessaris); Lhx6 ( Grigoriou et?al., 1998), and Sst (gift from N. Kessaris). Images of in?situ hybridized sections were acquired with a digital color camera (ProgRes C14) attached to an Axioplan 2 microscope (Zeiss) and processed with Openlab software. The number of GAD67+, LHX6+, SST+ and CRH+ cells was determined in the primary motor (M1, bregma 0.38?mm), somatosensory (S1BF, bregma 0.38?mm and bregma ?1.94?mm) and primary visual (V1, bregma??2.92?mm) cortex of 2?week-old Satb1?/? (n?= 3) and Satb1+/+ (n?= 3) animals. For each region we counted cells present in 675.66?��m�Cwide [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/XL184.html selleck inhibitor] columns on 14?��m thick sections which corresponded to equivalent bregma positions ( Paxinos and Franklin, 2001). Fluorescent images spanning the whole cortical length were captured with a Leica TCS SP5 MP confocal microscope and processed with Adobe Photoshop CS4. We counted cells from 775?��m�Cwide columns on 14?��m thick sections which corresponded to equivalent bregma positions ( Paxinos and Franklin, 2001). For the SST subset analysis (CR, NPY, nNOS) and VIP, from each of the three animals analyzed we counted cell numbers from four consecutive sections of the somatosensory cortex (between bregma positions 0.38?mm and ?1.94?mm). For both the in?situ hybridization and immunofluoresence countings, data [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S1PR1 S1PR1] are given as means �� standard deviation of the mean (STDEV). Statistical significance between data sets was determined by using the Student��s t test function (two-tailed distribution, two-sample equal variance) in Excel (Microsoft) and they were considered significant when p?