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Mean respiration, HR and MAP values at baseline and steady state are presented in Table 1. When breathing room air, no significant differences in ventilation were observed between baseline and steady-state values in the ERGO and CONTROL trials, and [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/cobimetinib-gdc-0973-rg7420.html Cobimetinib research buy] HR and MAP values during steady state were also unchanged from those at baseline (P > 0.05). However, exposure to euoxic hypercapnia caused minute ventilation to almost double from baseline levels, at steady state, in both the CHEMO and CHEMO+ERGO trials. The slight increases in mean HR and MAP noted during steady state compared with baseline in these latter two trials were not significant (MAP, P= 0.073 and HR, P= 0.174). Any further changes from the steady state values that were induced in ventilation during each of the trial conditions are shown in Fig. 2. Exercise while breathing room air (ERGO trial) induced a significant increase of 2.90 l min?1 in ventilation compared with the steady-state value. Exercise in hypercapnic conditions (CHEMO+ERGO trial) also brought about a similar, significant, increase in ventilation (?3 l min?1) compared with steady state. However, during PECO, in the ERGO trial the [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-2.html GABA inhibitor review] fell back to steady-state levels (P > 0.05 versus steady state) but in the CHEMO+ERGO trial the remained elevated at the levels seen during exercise throughout this phase of the experiment (P  different from steady-state values (P > 0.05). In the CHEMO and CONTROL trials, ventilation was not further altered from steady-state values during any phase of the trials. Changes in MAP and HR from steady-state [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALG1 ALG1] values, which were seen during exercise, PECO and recovery in the four trial conditions, are shown in Figs 3 and 4, respectively. Exercise induced similar significant increases in MAP from steady-state values in both the ERGO and CHEMO+ERGO trials. During PECO, MAP showed the expected fall from end-exercise levels but remained significantly elevated above steady-state values by 16�C19 mmHg in both trials. Importantly, there was no significant difference between the blood pressure responses to PECO in the two trials (see Fig. 3). Heart rate was also elevated during exercise in both the ERGO and the CHEMO+ERGO trials by approximately 10 beats min?1, but it promptly returned to steady-state levels during PECO in both trials (see Fig. 4). During recovery in both the ERGO and the CHEMO+ERGO trials, MAP and HR were not different compared with the steady state (all P > 0.05). Both MAP and HR in the CHEMO and CONTROL trials were not significantly altered compared with the steady state at any point, and there were no significant differences between these hypercapnic and air breathing trials.