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[3] Such practices are deemed to be most prevalent in healthcare settings of the developing world.[4] Yet, for many of these countries, healthcare budgets are already constrained with medicines accounting for around 25�C70% of healthcare expenditure.[5] Against this background, improving medicines use practices remains a top priority in such settings so as to afford the optimal utilization of scarce resources and to enhance the quality of healthcare delivered. Nevertheless, improving medicines use requires evidence on existing utilization patterns. This is necessary so that appropriate measures [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4032.html http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4032.html] can be instituted to tackle medicines use problem areas.[6] To facilitate such evidence generation and compilation, the WHO in collaboration with the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) have outlined a number of ��core drug use indicators�� which measure performance in three related areas of prescribing practices, patient care and facility specific factors.[7] Although, these core indicators do not measure all aspects of drug use, they provide a simple tool for quick and reliable assessment of pharmaceutical use and were field tested in twelve developing countries prior to the introduction.[8,9] The drug use indicators have come to be regarded as ��objective measures that can describe the drug use situation in a country, region or individual [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/INCB18424.html Ruxolitinib solubility dmso] health facility.��[7] Moreover, they are standardized and do not require country adaptation.[8] Although, the core drug use indicators are central to investigating medicines [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiloride Amiloride] use at primary healthcare center (PHCs), they are less beneficial for inpatient settings and specialist outpatient facilities as medicines use patterns at these facilities may be more complex.[7] The five core prescribing indicators which are ��average number of medicines per encounter,�� ��percentage of medicines prescribed by generic name,�� ��percentage of encounters with antibiotic prescribed,�� ��percentage of encounters with injection prescribed�� and ��percentage of medicines prescribed from an essential medicines list�� are meant to elucidate particular prescribing characteristics related to poly-pharmacy, antibiotic use, injection use, generic prescribing, and guideline adherence (EML).[7,8] Although, not empirically determined, the WHO has proposed optimal values for each of the prescribing indicators.[9,10,11] For a percentage of patient encounters resulting in the use of antibiotic, this has been set at