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05; corrected for multiple comparisons; Fig. 4 and Table 2). Heart rate was significantly higher in HV compared with LV sleep (196 �� 11 versus 169 �� 7 beats min?1, respectively; P [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Pazopanib-Hydrochloride.html GW786034 clinical trial] arterial baroreceptors, as reviewed by Guyenet (2006). Entrainment was clearly seen at all three ages; however, increasing maturity was associated with a reduction in the time delay between the diastolic nadir and the next peak in RSNA, increased power at the cardiac frequency, and the appearance of a sleep-state-dependent increase in basal RSNA in near-term fetuses. The decrease in delay time with age strongly suggests that although the critical circuitry is present in preterm fetal sheep (Booth et al. 2007), the components of the circuit are not fully mature. Although not further investigated in this study, immature afferent baroreceptor detection and propagation could potentially contribute to the longer [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/17-AAG(Geldanamycin).html Tanespimycin manufacturer] delay. However, direct recordings from the carotid baroreceptor fibres over the last third of gestation suggest that this is not the case (Blanco et al. 1988). Alternatively, increased delay could be due to slower conduction velocity along nerves early in gestation, as myelination increases with gestation (McIntosh et al. 1979). Against this possibility, the majority of postganglionic nerve fibres are unmyelinated, and an increase in nerve diameter with age may also increase conduction velocity (Hursh, 1939). Extrapolating from previous studies showing that conduction velocity along [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine Adenosine] motor nerves increases with gestational age (Loke et al. 1986), increased velocity is likely to play a role in the decrease in the delay with maturation. Interestingly, there is a maturational increase in the speed of the onset of peripheral vasoconstriction in response to severe asphyxia between preterm and near-term fetal sheep, postulated to be mediated by the SNS (Wassink et al. 2007). The same insult results in an initial parasympathetically mediated decrease in HR which does not change with gestational age. Together, these observations suggest specific maturation of the SNS.