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953, p [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montelukast Montelukast Sodium] with a safe COM position during single-leg landing and stopping. Neuromuscular training focused on trunk and hip stabilizers may be useful for controlling the trunk and lower limb positions during dynamic activities. Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the Kanto Ladies Soccer League for cooperating in this research. This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24700671.""Postural stability is defined as the ability to maintain an erect posture of the body. A similar term, which also reveals a dynamic aspect of postural stability, is balance; this describes the dynamics of body posture to prevent falling. Both postural stability and balance are related to the inertial forces acting on the body and the inertial characteristics of body segments (Winter, 1995). Both are also dependent on central nervous system (CNS) activity, which should provide fast and adequate responses to alternating postural requirements. The major role in postural control is ascribed to proprioceptive, visual and vestibular input (Fitzpatrick and McCloskey, 1994). These receptors provide a [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz-6438.html EPZ-6438 cell line] continuous flow of information to the CNS which forms the basis for postural adjustments. Modifications performed on the proprioceptive, visual and vestibular input, and their influence on postural stability, are well documented (Massion, 1992; Maurer et al., 2000). All actions initiated by the CNS have [http://www.selleckchem.com/Akt.html see more] their mechanical effect using active properties of muscle tissue. This is associated with the excitability of the motoneuron pool and becomes visible as a modulation of muscle stiffness (Feldman, 1966; Latash, 1993). Reports on the influence of alternating active muscle stiffness on postural stability are scarce (Kuczy��ski, 2001). Besides this, it seems that passive properties of muscle tissue may also contribute to the process of maintaining postural stability; however, these properties are almost completely neglected by researchers. It must be stressed that during passive stretch, skeletal muscles exhibit measurable resistance even when their motoneurons are quiescent and their myofibers are not actively contracting (Schleip et al., 2006). Moreover, such passive muscle stiffness provides the necessary stabilizing force at once, before the shortest reflex response can be initiated. Therefore, it must always be considered by the CNS in all processes associated with maintaining balance (Winter et al., 1998). This argument indicates that different levels of passive muscle stiffness may be related to different postural strategies activated by the CNS.