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10 Image pixels were analyzed to produce average perfusion values within a user-specified region defined by the anatomic borders of the MCL (Fig. 3). Vasoactive agents, including cholinergic vasodilator ACh (Sigma�CAldrich, St. Louis, MO) and ��-1 adrenergic vasoconstrictor Phe (Sigma�CAldrich), were applied topically in 100??l boluses. Concentrations ranged from 10?11 to 10?3?mol/L for ACh and from 10?13 to 10?5 for Phe. Perfusion images were captured every 10?s for 10?min after each drug application using LSPI. After each [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/740-y-p-pdgfr-740y-p.html Selleck 740 Y-P] drug application and perfusion measurement was completed, the MCL was washed with physiological saline at 37��C and allowed to return to the baseline flow values. Autoregulation, the ability of a vascular bed to dilate normally in response to ischemia, can be assessed by measuring [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALG1 ALG1] reactive hyperemia after a period of vascular occlusion. Reperfusion hyperemia was assessed in the rabbit knee joint vasculature after femoral artery occlusion. The femoral artery was isolated by blunt dissection and basal MCL perfusion was measured using LSPI as described above. Then the artery was occluded with an artery clamp for 4?min. Blood flow was then measured continuously for 6?min after flow was restored to assess autoregulation. All results were expressed as percent change in PU from initial blood flow. Differences between groups were assessed using ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. A p-value [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-3.html selleckchem] and 16.0?��?1.41?mm for Normal and Sham groups. The anterior laxity was greatest in the ACL-X group (23.0?��?2.82?mm, p??0.05 for Sham) and 19.3?��?1.75?mm for ACL-DR (p??0.05 for Sham and ACL-IR; Fig. 4B). The mean blood flow of the MCL for Normal and Sham groups was 9.6?��?1.6 PU (mean?��?SD) and 9.3?��?2.0 PU, respectively. No significant differences were found in blood flow of the MCL from Normal and Sham groups. Eight weeks after ACL transection without reconstruction, blood flow in the MCL was increased by 2.5-fold compared to Sham (ACL-X; 23.2?��?7.1 PU, p?