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Additionally, we aimed to determine if the AVVQ score in patients who fulfilled the unit's criteria for endovenous treatment was different from those patients who did not. A total of 228 consecutive patients who were referred to the open access varicose vein clinic completed [http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/MLN-2238.html Ixazomib] the AVVQ at the clinic prior to the appointment with a vascular surgeon (between June and end of October 2012). The local referral policies allowed for all patients with symptomatic varicose veins to be referred for consideration of treatment in accordance with the NICE referral guidelines. The five consultant specialist were blinded to the score. Reflux was defined as the presence of greater than 1-second truncal reflux. Patients with learning difficulties or those who required an interpreter were excluded. The AVVQs were scored using the method described and validated by Andrew Garratt.12?and?13 The total score for the 13 questions ranges from 0 to 100 points, with 0 points indicating the best possible quality of life. Questionnaires in which question 1 or fewer than nine questions were completed were excluded. For patients with unilateral veins, if a patient consistently omitted questions relating to their unaffected leg then the missing answers were assumed to be no/none at all. In all other cases, for omitted questions a negative coefficient was used to distinguish between answers ��no�� or ��none at all��. Negative coefficients were summated and their overall value [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesyltransferase Farnesyltransferase] subtracted from the maximum points that can be scored in the AVVQ. Validated AVVQ scores were subsequently analysed with regard to gender, C grade; primary/recurrent; unilateral/bilateral; symptomatic/asymptomatic; main stem incompetence/no main stem incompetence; and whether treatment offered/no treatment offered by a fully trained statistician. SPSS version 20 was used in data analyses. Normality of the data was assessed [http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/Abiraterone.html Abiraterone cell line] using graphical methods, including frequency distribution on a histogram and normal Q�CQ plot. The Kolmogorov�CSmirnov test was used as a confirmation. The Mann�CWhitney U test was used in the preliminary analysis to determine whether the differences observed were statistically significant as our outcome data: AVVQ have non-normal distribution. The Kruskal�CWallis test was utilized to compare AVVQ scores in a different C grade. The significant variables from univariate analyses were entered in multiple regression analysis to predict AVVQ from identified significant independent variables. All probability tests were two-sided and statistical significance was at p?