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The same observations can be made with phosphine-functionalized nanotubes (Figure S2b Supporting Information File 1). These larger particles were analyzed by EDXS (Figure S2f, Supporting Information File 1), and it was revealed that these particles are constituted of Au only. Ru was found in the zones where the smallest particles ([http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Vandetanib.html ZD6474] particles with diameters [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIB1 TRIB1] [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ON-01910.html ON1910] high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM). HRTEM images of nanoparticles derived from cluster 4 reveal that they are not well crystallized (Fig. 4). This is due to the low temperature treatment applied for removing the ligands. In Fig. 4, an amorphous layer is observed around the nanoparticle, which is very likely due to the incomplete removal of ligands. The lack of crystallinity and amorphous layer coating might be detrimental for catalytic activity but could be overcome by higher temperature treatment. We have tested temperatures up to 1300 ��C and these lead only to moderate agglomeration to reach particle sizes in the 10�C15 nm range. This moderate agglomeration is due to stabilization by the anchoring arm. Figure 4 HRTEM images (Cs-corrected) of Ru�CPt/MWNT derived from Ru5PtC(CO)14(COD) (4) cluster. (a) Metal nanoparticles are indicated by arrows, (b) an amorphous layer can be seen around the nanoparticles at higher magnification. In order to confirm the presence of the Ru/Pt bimetal nanoparticles, the sample was investigated using aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM and STEM energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis.