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2?mA, 5?Hz, 16?s) of the left whisker pad is shown in Fig.?3d. We found a statistically robust (z?>?4) evoked positive BOLD response confined to the whisker barrel field. Anterior and medial to this response we found a significant (z?[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMTK2 LMTK2] in HbT and decreases in Hbr. In agreement with previous work (Kennerley et al., 2005), the major increases in HbT were located primarily along the arteries (Lee et al., 2001) whereas decreases in Hbr were located primarily in areas of parenchyma. In areas anterior and medial to the whisker barrels we found decreases in HbT and increases in Hbr, the later predominantly generating the negative BOLD signal. Superimposing haemodynamic maps onto histological sections (Figs. 3g�Ch) of the cortex showed that the haemodynamics driving the negative BOLD were located in regions corresponding to the forelimb, hind-limb and trunk regions of the somatosensory cortex. Results were similar across all subjects (n?=?10) in the present study. The spatial concordance between [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Romidepsin-FK228.html Romidepsin cost] fMRI and 2D-OIS data was assessed by using the spatial 2D haemodynamic data in a Monte Carlo simulation of MR signal attenuation as in Martindale et al. (2008). The predicted BOLD signal was sub-sampled to the same spatial resolution as the fMRI BOLD data as described in the Material and methods section ( Fig.?4 shows results from 2 representative z-score [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/nlg919.html NLG919 nmr] maps). As can be seen, for both positive and negative BOLD signal changes, there was concordance between measured and predicted activation maps despite differences in measurement resolution and technique. The resolution of the BOLD fMRI EPI-data was insufficient to resolve the surface vasculature necessary for co-registration to the predicted BOLD maps derived from the 2D-OIS data. We nevertheless investigated the spatial correlation using the method described in the Material and methods section (data analysis). Briefly, a template of the predicted BOLD GLM parameter map was warped with an affine transformation (uniform scale, translation and rotation) to the fMRI BOLD parameter map. For combined parameter maps of both positive and negative BOLD response the mean normalised correlation coefficient was 0.86 (��?0.02). For the positive BOLD response alone the mean normalised correlation coefficient was 0.91 (��?0.01). As expected, as the SNR for the positive BOLD response is higher than the negative BOLD response the negative only correlation was 0.78 (��?0.02). We can estimate the scaling factor from the inner diameter of the RF coil (which forms the optical well) and the number of pixels spanning this diameter in the 2D-OIS images.