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3%) were included in this study. The male-to-female ratio was 38:37, and mean age at transplantation was 3.5?yr (range 0.4�C17.0?yr). Indications for LDLT in these patients included biliary atresia (n?=?41, 54.7%); fulminant hepatitis (n?=?25, 33.3%); hepatoblastoma (n?=?5, 6.7%); and others (n?=?4, 5.3%). Thirty-six children (48.0%) were under one yr of age at the time of transplantation. Of the 41 patients with biliary atresia, 31 (75.6%) had previous histories of Kasai operation. The transplant recipients were treated with conventional immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation. The median follow-up period was 3.9?yr (range 0.3�C6.8?yr). There were three deaths (4.0%) and six late-onset PV complications (8.0%) among these patients during the follow-up period. Post-transplant PV complications were defined as any events [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/NVP-AUY922.html Luminespib order] related to portal reconstruction, and detected by Doppler US and CT scan, whatever the clinical status of the child at the time of diagnosis: These complications were categorized as PV stenosis (either of the anastomosis or of the vein) and complete obstruction or thrombosis of the PV [4]. PV flow and velocity were monitored by Doppler US, one day, four days, one month, and three months after LDLT, and then every year thereafter, and the condition of the PV, such as patency, degree of stenosis, and any evidence of thrombosis, was monitored by multidetector helical CT scan five days after LDLT and then once a year. These imaging studies were also performed when PV complications were suggested by clinical symptoms and complementary to each other depending on the period during which PV complications were suspected in the [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/RO4929097.html selleck products] other imaging studies. The diagnosis of post-transplant PV complications was based on one or more of the following findings: Absence of flow in the PV; acceleration of the flow rate in the post-stenotic PV to more than threefold that in the prestenotic PV, with narrowing of the PV diameter of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleroxacin Fleroxacin] with a 21-gauge Chiba needle (Cook, Bloomington, IN, USA) guided by US and fluoroscopy under general anesthesia, and a 6- or 7-F sheath was inserted. Then a direct main portal venogram was obtained. After confirming the PV complication and measuring the pressure gradient across the stenosis or occlusion, a 0.035-inch guide wire and 5-F Cobra catheter (Cook) or Kumpe catheter (Cook) were used to traverse the stenosis or occlusion of the PV. PTA with balloon dilation using a non-compliant balloon was performed initially.