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After back scanning, the accuracy of the anatomical landmarks VP (vertebra prominens, C7), SP (sacrum point), and the two lumbar dimples DL/DR (dimple left/dimple right) has been verified and are in the right point. Measurement was repeated if the aforementioned landmarks have been located incorrectly on all images. 2.1. Statistical Analysis The data has been analyzed using the SPSS software [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html GDC-0449 ic50] version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the demographic data of the healthy subjects and IPD patients. This demographic data was compared between groups using t-test (P �� 0.05). Mean and standard deviation were used to figure out the clinical characteristics of the IPD patients. The pelvic obliquity, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, fleche cervicale, fleche lombaire, scoliotic angle, and maximum vertebral rotation were compared between groups using t-test with level of significance set at P �� 0.05. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess the association between postural changes and duration of illness as well as the severity of the disease. 3. Results The demographic characteristics of the participants are detailed in Table 1. There were 18 patients with a diagnosis of unilateral IPD and 18 healthy subjects. The healthy subjects and Parkinsonian patients were matched for age (P = 0.20), body weight (P = 0.39), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinapyramine Quinapyramine] body height (P = 0.59), and body mass index (P = 0.51). Clinical examination of the participants revealed that the IPD patients have a mean duration of illness of 35.57 �� 4.08 months. The motor score of the UPDRS was 16.43 �� 2.23 while the activity of daily living score was 13.57 �� 1.72 (Table 2). According to Hoehn and Yahr classification, the participants were staged as belonging to Class 1 in 7 patients and Class 1.5 in 11 patients with a mean of 1.29 �� 0.26. Table 1 Demographic data of the participants. Table 2 Clinical characteristics of PD patients. Paired t-test was used for enlightening the differences between groups (Figures ?(Figures22 and ?and3).3). In the sagittal plane, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, fleche cervicale, and fleche lombaire were significantly different among the healthy subjects and patients with IPD (P �� 0.05). These significant differences indicate early changes in IPD patients' posture. The mean kyphotic angle among the IPD patients was 64.86 �� 4.14�� and 50.86 �� 3.13�� among healthy subjects. A significant [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MS-275.html MS-275 price] difference in the kyphotic angle was found with t = 11.913 and P = 0.001. The measured lordotic angle among IPD patients was 52.86 �� 3.89�� and 45.71 �� 2.98�� was recorded from the healthy subjects. Statistical analysis showed the existence of a significant difference between the two measures of the IPD and the healthy subjects (t = 4.656 and P = 0.003). Fleche cervicale and fleche lombaire were 42.71 �� 3.35?mm and 48.43 �� 2.82?mm, respectively, in the healthy subjects; on the other hand they recorded 51.43 �� 2.94?mm and 69.14 �� 2.