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e., when the body and head are  gradually more and more misaligned). Experiment 2 was set out to test this hypothesis. Experiment 2 The goal of Experiment 2 was to examine the hypothesis that people implicitly assume that when the head and body are [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html TGF-beta inhibitor] misaligned more and more, the eyes are oriented further than the head because of the stronger intentional component present in the stimulus (maybe due to the activation of implied motion). This could be a possible explanation of why an overshoot effect was observed in Experiment 1 (on top of a general bias in perceived gaze direction). To address this hypothesis, the stimulus was now presented from a side view (making eye information less salient) and head orientation of the character was manipulated in a vertical manner. If people indeed assume that gaze direction and head orientation are not equal, the hypothesis was that perceived gaze would be higher or lower than the character��s veridical gazed-at location, especially for large head orientations since these contain a stronger intentional component. More specifically,  the rationale was that, if observers assume that the eyes are not aligned with the head as the intentional component in the stimulus rises, this would yield a more pronounced shift in perceived gaze for larger than for smaller head orientations. From a statistical viewpoint, this implies that the estimated slope for the relation between veridical head orientation and perceived gaze direction is reliably different from 1. If the intentional component does not affect perceived gaze direction, the prediction is that the slope does not differ from 1, yet the intercept can differ from 0. Methods Participants Nine students of the University of Leuven participated in the study (mean age 21, three male students). All participants had normal vision and  were na?ve with respect to the goal of the study. They all signed an informed consent prior to participation. Apparatus The equipment was the same as in Experiment 1. Stimuli One of the four characters from Experiment 1 was picked and shown from a sagittal orientation (Figure ?(Figure6).6). Thirty-one different stimuli were generated by increasing or decreasing the head orientation of the character by 2��, resulting in a range of head orientations from 30�� downward to 30�� upward. The ground surface was used to create a room-like setting by pasting it to the left, right and above the character. FIGURE 6 An example of the stimuli of Experiment 2. The character��s head is tilted 20�� upward. Targets were added on the surface in front of the character��s head, i.e., on the right side of the display. The distance from the character to the targets was not the same as in Experiment 1 because this distance did not allow for using large angles in the upper and lower part of the display.