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Dose reduction with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) was greater for smaller patients, which could be important for paediatric CT. In cardiac CT, initial experience shows that the use of ASIR reduced noise in the aorta by 28% with an equivalent increase in CNR in comparison to FBP. In the same study, subjective image quality was similar for both methods, suggesting that spatial resolution was not affected [189]. Other studies also report improved image quality and reduced dose (25�C30%) for chest CT [190]?and?[191]. ASIR used in pulmonary CT, is results in superior image quality, allows the margin of the pulmonary structure scanned to be seen more clearly, and mild artifacts were reduced. The [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD8055.html Akt inhibitor] non-high resolution (HR) CT mode produced more streak artifacts than the HR. Severe streak artifacts are increased by ASIR and since they are more prominent on non-HR, the HR mode is required to obtain better images [192]. This new ASIR algorithm, has important implications for routine and screening CT, as well as imaging obese patients [188]. It has the potential to enhance the diagnostic information in CT images produced with low dose protocol examinations, or even ultra-low-dose techniques e.g. colonography with 25?mAs [188]. For coronary angiography CT tailoring of the protocol to the body [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/mk-4827-niraparib-tosylate.html MK-4827 chemical structure] mass index and heart rate of the individual patient results in dose reductions of up to 86% without compromising image quality [103], [193]?and?[194]. The 100?kVp protocol, in comparison to the 120?kVp one, was preferable for patients with body mass index (BMI) [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/sotrastaurin-aeb071.html Smad inhibitor] versus 13.4?mSv) while maintaining high image quality and no significant difference in image noise and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) in the visualisation of coronary arteries and the aorta, as reported by Gopal et al. [101] and Feuchter et al. [105]. Even further reductions in dose, to about 1mSv, with high-quality or sufficient images, have been estimated with use of prospectively ECG-triggered coronary CT angiography using very high pitch values (3.2�C3.4) [101]?and?[195]. ��High pitch mode�� algorithms could be utilised in the latest dual source CT systems [152] with a low dose technique, only for patients with heart rate 3 could be applied, which allow a cardiac scan range of 120?mm to be examined in