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The first stratum included patients of less than high secondary school educational level, while the second one included patients holding high secondary school or higher qualification. For the whole study period, every third patient was selected to participate in the study. The sample size was calculated, based on the prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients of low educational level and those with high educational level that was found to be 69% and 55%, respectively, in a previous study done in KSA7, with power 80% and confidence interval 95%. Using the equation for the difference between two proportions (Epi Info 6.04), we needed 188 participants for each group. We assumed that non response rate would be 10%, so the total number of 414 participants was estimated [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MS-275.html Entinostat clinical trial] to be the requirement for conducting this study. Data collection The data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on study variables with the help of experts. The study variables included age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, duration of DM, treatment used for DM (diet alone, oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin or both insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents), frequency of visits to PCC, co-morbidities, awareness [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4720.html PLX-4720 research buy] of diabetic complications and self-care management behavior. The self-care management behavior included adherence to diabetic treatment, to healthy diet, to exercise and compliance with follow up. A pilot study was carried out on a limited number of patients (40) to modify the questionnaire. Weight and height were measured with light clothes and taking the shoes off. Weight was taken to the nearest 0.5 kilogram and height was taken to the nearest centimeter. Available last readings of AIC were extracted from the computer by using file number of the patients. The questionnaires were distributed to the participants, using a self-administered method, during their attendance at the PCC for follow up during the entire study period. The participants were asked to carefully read the consent form, before they verbally agreed to participate in the study. Confidentiality of the participants was ensured. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board on 7/10/2012. Operational definition The diagnosis of DM was reached according to the ADA criteria (American Diabetes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reelin Reelin] Association, 2012). Glycemic status was categorized as good glycemic control, if A1C