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Patients underwent extended right colectomy (removal of right and transverse colon), extended left colectomy (removal of left and transverse colon), or total abdominal colectomy based on patient characteristics and tumor location to remove the colon and blood supply to the affected area. No segmental, wedge resections were performed for transverse colon cancer. The omentum was removed in all patients with transaction of the gastrocolic ligament outside the gastroepiploic arcade along the greater curvature of the stomach. The laparoscopic group included laparoscopic-assisted procedures (with intracorporeal dissection and vessel ligation with extraction and anastomosis through a 5 cm midline umbilical incision) and hand-assisted laparoscopic procedures (with the hand port placed at the suprapubic transverse incision used to extract and anastomose the bowel). Postoperative complications [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-431542.html selleck inhibitor] occurring within 30 days of the operation were classified according to the Accordion Severity Grading System of Surgical Complications (ASGS) (3). Mild complications are those that only require a minor procedure at the bedside to resolve. Examples of these include drainage of wound infections [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAMTS12 ADAMTS12] and nasogastric tubes. Moderate complications are those that require more aggressive intervention, such as antibiotics, blood transfusions, or total parenteral nutrition. Severe complications are those that require some form of intervention such as an endoscopic procedure, interventional radiologic procedure, or operation. Additionally, severe complications are those that result in the failure of one or more organ system. The final classification in the ASGS is death. Primary endpoints of our study were 5-year overall and disease-free survival. Secondary endpoints were length of stay, complications, and quantity of lymph node retrieval. Patients were followed by the Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery every 3 months with physical exam and carcinoembryonic antigen level for the first year, at which time colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) was performed. [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/byl719.html Akt inhibitor] Patients were followed every 6 months with physical exam and carcinoembryonic antigen level until 5 years. CT scan and colonoscopy were repeated as indicated. Stage III and some stage II patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-flurouracil�Cbased therapy. Comparisons were made between the laparoscopic and open groups using unpaired two-tailed t tests for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with log rank estimation used to assess differences in survival between the two groups. Statistical significance was set at P