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(2013) confirms that there has been little biodiversity research in the Sahara over the last decade and that the central Sahara has been almost entirely neglected. The lack of scientific attention given to desert biodiversity is mirrored by a lack of financial support. Although the Saharan nations cover 43% of Africa's land mass, they only received 12% of Global Environment Facility funding to Africa over the period 1991�C2009 (Global Environmental Facility, 2010; Durant et?al., 2012). Similarly, only 1% of funds provided by the UK's Darwin Initiative [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/at13387.html Onalespib ic50] between 1992 and 2008 went to projects in desert biomes, compared with 23% to forests over the same period (Hardcastle, 2008; Durant et?al., 2012). Such low levels of research and funding can allow key species to disappear from desert landscapes largely unreported and unnoticed by conservationists and scientists. Two workshops organized by the Zoological Society of London and the Wildlife [http://www.selleckchem.com/erk.html selleck screening library] Conservation Society in 2010 and 2012 have shed long overdue light on the status of large vertebrate biodiversity in the Sahara. These workshops used an expert-based mapping process (Sanderson et?al., 2002; IUCN/SSC, 2006, 2007a,b, 2008, 2012) to establish current areas of known resident range for 14 species and subspecies of large vertebrate found in the Saharan region. These taxa include all of the large herbivores and all but one of the large carnivores found in the region. The presence of both groups is indicative of effective ecosystem function and management (Estes et?al., 2011; Fritz et?al., 2011; Poisot et?al., 2013). The single species not included in the analysis was the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin Cisplatin] which little distributional information is available. Participants in the mapping process were species experts and protected area managers who contributed data on the species' distribution and status, drawing upon their own and their colleagues' information and experience. In this process, the Sahara was defined as land receiving