Перегляд вихідного коду сторінки What On Earth Is Going On With Ponatinib

g., Loewenstein and Lerner, 2003). In particular, incidental emotions have been shown to impact decisions and thus can account for spillover effects between even objectively unrelated settings. Therefore, emotions might operate as a link between loss of control experiences and risk-taking behavior; more precisely, they may be worthwhile to examine as a potential mediator of this link. The Relevance of Perceptions of Control for Emotions Cognitive emotion theories (e.g., see Lazarus et al., 1970; Scherer et al., 2001) propose that emotions are not aroused by events per se, but by cognitive evaluations or appraisals of  the events, and the resulting discrete emotions depend on this pattern of appraisals. Several dimensions underlying these appraisals have been discussed, among which control appraisals play a prominent role. In various appraisal theories of emotions the dimension of control is consistently identified as one of the central appraisal dimensions and thus is regarded as a central antecedent of emotions (e.g., Scherer, 1982; Smith and Ellsworth, 1985; Roseman et al., 1996). Appraisal Dimension of Control and the Valence of Emotions The control-value theory (Pekrun, 2000, 2006)  focusing on the antecedents and development of emotions considers control to be one of the two most important appraisal dimensions in the emergence of emotions. Control-related cognitions are believed to essentially determine the valence of emotions (i.e., positive vs. negative) and appraisals of lack of control are associated with negative emotions (Pekrun, 2000). Thus, generally, experiences of loss of control due to changes in external conditions might be associated with a variety of negative emotions, such as fear, anger, or hopelessness. The concrete emotional quality arising from those experiences is influenced by additional factors, such as evaluation of the circumstances and attributions of causes (e.g., Weiner, 1985). Externally Caused Subjective Loss of Control and its Emotional Consequences This study is particularly concerned with the effects of experiences of loss of control caused by changes in external conditions that handicap one��s task performance,  but that lack a personally threatening potential. Annoying technical difficulties with computer hard- or software might be the everyday counterpart of this experience. Given ongoing technological developments and our reliance on technology, this kind of experience is assumed to be ubiquitous in most people��s daily work. Thus, our study deals with one��s subjective experiences of loss of control and consequently the lack of a possibility to fulfill one��s task and to produce the desired performance. The primary emotion arising under these circumstances is assumed to be anger. In several studies, anger has been induced by malfunctioning computer equipment (e.g., [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html EGFR inhibitor] Deffenbacher et al., 1996; Why and Johnston, 2008; Deffenbacher, 2011).