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After 18?h of fasting with free access to an oral ... Figure 3 Correlation between gastric fractional dye retention of a liquid test meal and blood volume in awake rats previously (7?days) subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (PNX). A strong correlation (r2?=?0.86) was found between gastric retention ... The influence of hypervolemia on the present phenomenon is further emphasized in Figure?Figure4,4, showing that acute cellular dehydration caused by polyethylene glycol treatment prevented the PNX-induced GE delay in awake rats. No difference in gastric fractional dye recovery values was found between sham-operated and PNX rats that received polyethylene glycol (45.3?��?1.3 vs. 40.0?��?5.0%, respectively), although it lowered (P?[http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Pazopanib-Hydrochloride.html GW786034 solubility dmso] 4 Effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment on 5/6 nephrectomy (PNX, ?)-induced gastric emptying delay of liquid in awake rats. Seven days after nephron mass loss or sham operation (control, ��), the rats were gavage fed (1.5?mL) ... The role of neuroautonomic pathways in the present phenomenon is also shown in Figure?Figure5,5, indicating that bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevented the PNX-induced GE delay in awake rats (Fig.?(Fig.5A),5A), but coelic ganglionectomy + splanchnicectomy did not (Fig.?(Fig.5B).5B). The bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not alter significantly per se the gastric fractional dye recovery of control (sham-operated) rats (36.8?��?2.4%) and there [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine Adenosine] is no difference between the gastric recovery values of vagotomized rats subjected or not to PNX (47.6?��?3.2 vs. 46.4?��?4.5%, respectively). By its turn, coelic ganglionectomy + splanchnicectomy reverted the PNX-induced GE delay (Fig.?(Fig.5B).5B). As a matter of fact, the gastric fractional dye recovery values of PNX rats became significantly lower after coelic ganglionectomy + splanchnicectomy (49.0?��?2.3 vs. 35.3?��?1.9%). Moreover, the present [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/17-AAG(Geldanamycin).html www.selleckchem.com/products/17-AAG(Geldanamycin).html] phenomenon involved cholinergic and adrenergic pathways (Fig.?(Fig.5C5C and D) since there is no difference between the gastric fractional recovery values of atropinized rats subjected or not to PNX (56.1?��?2.8 vs. 58.5?��?4.1%, respectively) nor in guanethidine-treated rats previously subjected or not to PNX (38.9?��?1.9 vs. 37.8?��?4.1%). Figure 5 Effects of neuroautonomic extrinsic denervation, atropine, and guanethidine treatments on 5/6 nephrectomy (PNX, ?)-induced gastric emptying delay of liquid in awake rats. Seven days after nephron mass loss or sham operation (control, ��), ... The inhibitory effect of PNX on gut motility surpasses the stomach. Figure?Figure66 shows that PNX also inhibited the small intestine transit.