Shovel9perch: Створена сторінка: 0 (Armonk, NY). Pearson chi-squared and independent sample t-tests were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Based on theorized associati...

2017-01-29T00:22:08Z

Створена сторінка: 0 (Armonk, NY). Pearson chi-squared and independent sample t-tests were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Based on theorized associati...

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0 (Armonk, NY). Pearson chi-squared and independent sample t-tests were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Based on theorized associations with the end point of interest, binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate adjusted odds ratios of nipple necrosis for each independent variable. Statistical significance was defined as two-sided p?[http://www.selleckchem.com/products/mi-773-sar405838.html MI-773 price] in-situ (Table?1). Radiation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalosuccinic_acid Oxalosuccinic acid] was administered in nine cases (12.7%), including preoperative in three and postoperative in six. The incision was most commonly carried out at the inframammary fold (66.2%), while the periareolar position was used in 10 cases (14.1%; Table?1). Tissue expanders were most frequently used for reconstruction (81.7%), followed by immediate permanent implant (14.1%). Concomitant latissimus flap coverage was used in two additional cases of implant reconstruction. Partial nipple necrosis occurred in 20 cases (28.2%). Nineteen cases healed uneventfully but one required secondary nipple reconstruction (Fig.?1). Of the 20 cases of nipple necrosis, 16 (80.0%) of the NSM were performed for malignancy (p?=?0.01). Similarly, receipt of chemotherapy was also associated with nipple necrosis on univariate analysis (necrosis 35%, no necrosis 13.7%, p?=?0.04). No difference in outcome was observed with varying age and BMI. Smoking and radiation were also not associated with increased likelihood of nipple failure in this series (Table?2). When the types of NSM incisions were examined, patients who experienced nipple necrosis were more likely to have received periareolar incisions (p?=?0.06; Fig.?2). Tumescence solution injection, mastectomy weight, expander volume, and reconstructive method appeared unrelated to necrosis rates (Table?3). The relevant variables were further [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AP24534.html see more] examined together in a regression model to evaluate their adjusted odds of nipple necrosis. The full model is presented in Table?4. Following control for the listed covariates, both nonprophylactic mastectomy (OR 10.54, CI 1.88�C59.04, p?=?0.007) and the use of periareolar incision (OR 9.69, CI 1.57�C59.77, p?=?0.014) were independently associated with nipple necrosis after NSM (Table?4). The overall reported incidence of nipple ischemia following NSM ranges from 0% to 48% but most series report an ischemia rate of 10�C15% [3-10].

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Shovel9perch: Створена сторінка: 0 (Armonk, NY). Pearson chi-squared and independent sample t-tests were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Based on theorized associati...