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The conditions for export are difficult. Any shipment without CITES permits is illegal. The CITES regulation states that the nation of import ought to report such shipments. They will either be confiscated or returned. That was a solution of our efforts. The legal or genuine rosewood trade is officially communicated amongst China and Nigeria. This is accomplished through the scanning and sending of issued CITES. That way, fakes can be identified.sunnewsonline.com The Nigerian CITES Management Authority and the Chinese CITES Management Authority have a good relationship. A very cordial one particular at that. They in no way reported to Nigeria that any container was stopped at their ports as of the end of 2016. But I am aware of two situations when exporters came to the ministry to complain. They came to us on their personal, by the way.


They wanted CITES certificates for exports that had already left Nigerian ports. A single request was refused by the ministry outright. The other was granted on two circumstances: one particular, that the enterprise would be fined and two, the corporation would be suspended for six months. The aim was to send a warning to other folks who did not comply prior to exportation. The ministry communicated this promptly to the CITES secretariat. But why refuse one request and grant the other? Okay, let me explain this. There had been two short-term bans on the export of kosso. The 1st was from April 30th to June 6th, 2016. The second was from December 31st, 2016 and it was to last for 3 months. A single of the two exporters had a undesirable case — he did not procedure his CITES permit at all.


He now had difficulties at Chinese ports and ran to the ministry. This was unacceptable. There was practically nothing we could do. Nevertheless, the other corporation had basically carried out all necessary processes and met all specifications just before the December 31st deadline for the second temporary suspension. The offence, as it were, was that he did not wait for the CITES certificate to be issued before shipping. So we authorized with sanctions. Yes, but why impose two short-term suspensions? The initial suspension was put in location to enable the ministry elicit inputs from stakeholders into strengthening the policy atmosphere. In consideration of the quite a few contractual obligations in the manufacturing sector exactly where processes had already been began, we opened up the approach.


We then reinstated the suspension until the operate of an inter-ministerial committee was finished. When I left office, the suspension was nonetheless in location. It is significant to note that these short-term suspensions were made in the context of a legal course of action. In Nigeria, these days, with a CITES certificate it is not illegal to export rosewood. Even so, we know that there is a big illicit market place in rosewood and we are, of course, outraged and deeply concerned. That is why we worked challenging at addressing the inadequate policy and regulatory atmosphere. The initially suspension from April 13th 2016 was placed with circumstances that we would give the industry notice to prepare for the consequences of the suspension. Try to remember we are dealing with an sector that employs thousands of young persons who do export legally with a CITES certificate.


In the initial week of June, that was about two months later, we convened an emergency national stakeholders meeting on afforestation. It was agreed to lift the suspension to address unforeseen challenges with legitimate firms that had currently contracted company about the world. The selection was communicated to Nigerian customs and the ministry of finance. In July, deforestation was also discussed at the National Council on Environment (NCE) where it was resolved to encourage states to market forestry development and afforestation programmes, as properly as the use of alternative sources of power. Did you enforce the second temporary suspension on December 31?


Yes we did. In September 2016, the residence of reps convened an ad-hoc committee on afforestation and asked the ministry for information and facts on illegal logging. They had been to investigate massive deforestation and corruption crippling the atmosphere and its impact on climate adjust. The ministry also had its committee which was constituted collectively with other stakeholders. So on December 31st 2016, the second short-term suspension came into impact. It was to final for 3 months, as I mentioned, to enable the ministry develop policies to guide the issuance of CITES, going forward, and sustainable forest management. I got the letter from the ministry of finance confirming the suspension on January 9th or thereabouts. By then I had been announced as deputy secretary-basic-designate of the United Nations.


But President Muhammadu Buhari requested that I should conclude vital perform on the Ogoni Clean-up, amongst other responsibilities. So I stayed on till February 24th, 2017 when I signed off from the cabinet to commence my new assignment. You still signed CITES permits immediately after your appointment as UN DSG? Yes. I was still the minister of environment, as you know, till February 24th. On January 16, 2017, I signed 2992 CITES permits. These were the final permits I signed. You signed CITES permits in January even whilst a three-month short-term ban imposed on December 31 was still in force? There had been various reasons.


One, there had been delays in issuing CITES prior to the 31st December suspension for the reason that there had been no physical certificates at the ministry. We asked the security printing and minting firm — printers of all government safety documents — to print new watermarked CITES permits with enhanced security characteristics to keep away from fakes. This played a function in the late signing of the CITES. Two, I was away from office in the first week of January. I was on an official duty to the Niger Delta. Three, between January 10th and 15th, I was on a special assignment as leader of the presidential delegation to the governments of Algeria and Tunisia on the African Union. I signed the certificates on January 16th on my return. It was a Monday.


Four, we want to be clear on something: exporters have been given prior notice that the suspension was coming into effect on the 31st December. They were thus asked to initiate and complete processes for the issuance of CITES certificates ahead of the period ending 31st of December if they intended to export. With the ban now in place, the division of forestry carried out due diligence and processed the requests in accordance with the established practice. The due diligence was on businesses that had commenced and met all the specifications prior to the suspension date of 31st December. The certificates signed and issued in January were only to those who adhered to this procedure.


Consequently, the challenge of backdating or retrospective approval does not apply in any sense whatsoever. We still need clarification on some thing: the 2992 CITES permits that you signed — were they applied to clear the backlog of containers detained at Chinese ports? With the lifting of the initial suspension, firms that were processing their CITES certificates had till the 31st of December to do so. The signing of the certificates was delayed because of the extra stringent due approach and a lack of securitised watermarked certificates which were getting made. No permits had been backdated or illegally signed by me. We are consequently appalled if any legally obtained or forged certificates had been utilised by unscrupulous rosewood traders to circumvent exportation procedures. Not only do I decry fraud and corruption, we also categorically reject any allegations of corruption or coercion in our effort to improved address illegal logging and exportation.


To the greatest of my know-how the CITES certificates I signed have been for shipments that had been to be produced and NOT those that had been shipped. If there has been illegal exports of kosso wood, the customs division would be in a superior position to confirm this. Our method with CITES has enabled Nigeria address to a big extent the exploitation of kosso wood. The challenges are numerous but I am incredibly proud of our team at the ministry who in complicated situations have tried to address this crisis of deforestation. But the EIA investigation says the backlogs cleared at Chinese ports following you signed the certificates? Mohammed: Like I mentioned earlier, China CITES Management Authority and Nigeria CITES Management Authority have an understanding and cooperation on trade of kosso.


The CITES permits are scanned to the China Management Authority for verification prior to the shipments are released. This technique has helped to verify fake CITES permits. And the Chinese government are mandated to inform the Nigerian government in the occasion that rosewood is shipped without the need of proper paper function. If the Chinese did not inform us, we can under no circumstances know what has been illegally shipped. I especially deny any hyperlinks involving the time I signed the permits and the reported clearing of backlogs at Chinese ports. There is no such evidence. I was asked the very same query by a Chinese journalist and I asked for proof, and up till now he has not provided me with any.


You repeatedly spoke about cleaning up the rosewood trade. This was accountable for the suspensions. Have been you capable to establish controls for kosso exports? Yes, we did. Our actions are often guided by their influence on persons and the planet. There have been representatives from distinctive government bodies in the committee, including state governments. These suggestions along with the outcomes from the ad-hoc parliamentary committee had been presented to the National Financial Council and the Federal Executive Council. As earlier clarified, a far more stringent approach for issuing CITES certificates had been established at the time I left government. This was element of the efforts to fight illegal wild trade.


Away from kosso trade now. What has been your expertise so far as the UN deputy secretary-common? You are familiar with the UN technique but this seems to present various challenges altogether. Serving alongside Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to effect the lives of 7.five billion men and women is a humbling expertise and an astounding chance to bring networks, partnerships, experiences and the world together to find solutions to our challenges. The focus of our function is at a regional and worldwide level with an emphasis on final results at nation level. From your knowledge with delivering the MDGs and shaping the SDGs, how can Nigeria and other African nations improved implement the SDGs?


The SDGs framework is an integrated response to economic, social and environment challenges. The 17 global targets assist to guide country priorities. With the MDGs the focus was on the social pillar, when the SDGs have a much more holistic method. Implementing the SDGs in Nigeria and other African nations will demand robust mid- to extended-term plans, robust institutions and inclusive processes. It will also require investment methods that bring domestic resources, the private sector and citizens themselves behind implementing the SDGs. What definitely are the roadblocks to achieving these targets and milestones? Leadership and political will be important to setting the stage for engaging in the implementation of these targets. These will will need to be accompanied by powerful institutions, governance and capacities to provide. Underpinning this will demand partnerships across all levels of government, across all regions and internationally.
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New approaches of performing business enterprise, mindset alterations will be required to address the scale of the challenges, lots of of which go beyond the borders of countries to regions, for example the Sahel. 1 of the big issues you had to handle as minister was the worldwide logging and deforestation trouble. How terrible are they? Among the lots of priorities in my former ministry the concern of deforestation was a vital challenge that the country faced. We took this head on. The level of deforestation place Nigeria at a forest cover of significantly less than 5% while the international common is 25%. Nigeria’s case is complex.


Wood is applied for cooking, as an revenue source for the poor and at the identical time portion of illegal plundering of our all-natural sources. We were therefore keen to address the situation of illegal logging and exportation. Nigeria signed up to CITES and our push to get rosewood into Annex II of the CITES provision supplied an chance to start to manage the rate of deforestation in the nation. This was followed by a number of actions that we took to clear a pathway to a stronger policy and regulatory environment. Nigeria in unique is battling deforestation in particular at the sub-national level. What are the stubborn challenges, from your very first-hand expertise? The initially challenge is that we are dealing with a federal method in which policies and laws have various legal mandates. Finding agreement from local authorities to implement policies is a challenge.