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We found that both the noise correlation structure and surround suppression were necessary to account for the decreased performance as a function of size, since models (Zohary et al., 1994) and (Shadlen et al., 1996) did not show any psychophysical suppression at all (SI = 0; data not shown). However, these components together were not sufficient to account for the observed behavioral results, since model (Abbott and Dayan, 1999) exhibited only modest psychophysical suppression (SI = 0.28; Figure 5C,E magenta). Thus the relationship between surround suppression and correlation structure appears to have important consequences for motion perception. From Figure 5C (cyan) it is apparent that the surround-suppression-dependent correlation Sirolimus structure has two separate effects on performance: One is a suppression of motion signal for large sizes. Perhaps more surprising is an increase in performance Biperiden HCl seen for small stimuli (Figure 5C,E). This suggests that the combined effect of correlation structure and surround suppression is an increase in the capacity of the MT population to discriminate the direction of very small stimuli, at the expense of large stimuli (see Discussion). The preceding analyses suggests that psychophysical suppression is due to a combination of two known aspects of neural coding, surround suppression and noise correlations. Equally important is novel interaction between these two factors, wherein the correlation between neurons depends on their respective surround suppression (Figure 4A). To arrive at these conclusions, we assumed that the animals used a fixed read-out, focusing on neurons with receptive fields near the center of the stimuli. To determine the importance of this assumption, we ran model simulations in which the integration radius was varied (Figure 5D). Unsurprisingly the SI decreased RAD001 cell line with increasing integration radius, dropping to 0.26 when the radius was 15��, which is significantly less than that exhibited psychophysically by the monkeys (Figure 5E green, Wilcoxon rank sum test, p