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A library of miRNAs in bovine sperm was constructed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, along with the predication and the pathway analysis of target genes. miRNAs in mammalian spermatozoon were systematically investigated, and a protocol for RNA isolation from the cauda region of an epididymal biopsy was established. Unique sequences that were 18�C26 nucleotides in length were mapped to specific precursors in miRBase 20.0 using BLAST. A total of 951 known miRNAs and 8 novel, highly expressed miRNA candidates were identified. The search for endogenous sperm miRNAs will contribute to a preliminary database for functional and molecular mechanistic studies in embryonic Bosutinib development and sperm epigenetic programming. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 1042�C1052, 2014. ? 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ""Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 1882�C1889 A prospective (2005�C2007) hospital-based multicentre surveillance of EORTC/MSG-proven or probable invasive aspergillosis (IA) cases whatever the underlying diseases was implemented in 12 French academic hospitals. Admissions per hospital and transplantation procedures were obtained. Cox regression models were used to determine risk factors associated with the 12-week overall mortality. With 424 case-patients included, the median incidence/hospital was 0.271/103 admissions (range 0.072�C0.910) without significant Vandetanib price alteration of incidence and seasonality over time. Among the 393 adults (62% men, 56?years (16�C84?years)), 15% had proven IA, 78% haematological conditions, and 92.9% had lung involvement. Acute leukaemia (34.6%) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (21.4%) were major host factors, together with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (21.6%), which emerged as a new high-risk group. The Oxalosuccinic acid other risk host factors consisted of solid organ transplantation (8.7%), solid tumours (4.3%), systemic inflammatory diseases (4.6%) and chronic respiratory diseases (2.3%). Serum galactomannan tests were more often positive (��69%) for acute leukaemia and allogeneic stem cell transplantation than for the others (