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Reducing the outlet density of tobacco retailers could be trialled in a jurisdiction with an existing tobacco retail licence scheme or registry. Options to test this could involve providing incentives for retailers to surrender their licences or to revoke licences www.selleckchem.com/products/at13387.html for all outlets within a specified radius of a school [16]. A wider trial could involve classification of all currently licensed retailers into different licence categories, e.g. major general retailers (supermarkets), minor general retailers (convenience stores and service stations) and specialist tobacconists, with each category of licence gradually phased out over a 3�C5-year period. Such experiments are essential if we are serious about an end to the smoking epidemic within the life-times of current adults. The most optimistic projections of future smoking prevalence indicate that we will not achieve this goal by simply doing more of the same [17,18]. Coral Gartner is supported by an Australian NHMRC Postdoctoral Research Training Fellowship. Ann McNeill is a member of the UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the Economic and Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, the Department of Health and the Medical Research Council under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Wayne Hall of the School of Population Health Fludarabine mw at the University of Queensland for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this commentary. None. ""2006" "The effects of prophylactic iron during pregnancy on maternal and child health in developing settings with Dabigatran endemic malaria and high prevalence of HIV remain unclear. This paper describes the rationale, implementation and success of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing routine iron supplementation vs. screening and treatment for anaemia during pregnancy. The setting was two health centres in Maputo, Mozambique. Pregnant women (��12-week gestation; ��18 years old; and not with a high-risk pregnancy, n?=?4326) were recruited. The main outcomes are preterm delivery and low birthweight. The women were randomly assigned to one of two iron administration policies: a routine iron group (n?=?2184) received 60?mg of ferrous sulphate plus 400?��g of folic acid daily while a selective iron group (n?=?2142) had screening and treatment for anaemia and a daily intake of 1?mg of folic acid. The recruitment, follow-up, and collection of follow-up data were successful; both groups were similar to each other in all the trial stages. Collection of delivery data was challenging and data on about 40% of births is missing. These are currently being traced through different hospitals and health centres.