The Entire Study Behind E-64

In the laboratory, the inoculated swabs were immersed in 1?mL of brain-heart infusion and cultured onto a E-64 selective vancomycin-containing Columbia blood agar (2?mg/L). Plates were incubated aerobically at 37��C in a 5%CO2-enriched atmosphere, and examined once a day for two consecutive days. Kingella kingae was identified by its typical beta-haemolysis and biochemical characteristics, negative catalase and positive oxidase, and then confirmed by real-time PCR [1]. Every child had at the same time a synovial fluid sample obtained by arthotomy or arthroscopy during the surgical procedure and each sample was cultured in a blood culture vial of BacT/Alert 3D system (Biom��rieux, Craponne, France) as previously described [1]. The susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined as previously described [8]. In order to determine if K.?kingae pharyngeal isolates were the same strain as that responsible for the septic arthritis, we compared the sequences of the rtxA gene from the strains with that obtained from nucleic acid extracts of joint-fluids. Amplification of rtxA (1198?bp) was performed as previously described by Lehours et?al. [13]. Sequencing of the strands was realized by Beckman�CCoulter Genomics (Takeley, UK). The relatedness between each rtxA sequence was shown as a dendrogram, constructed by the Neighbour Joining method using the MEGA3.1 program. selleck products To compare proportions we used either the chi-squared test or McNemar��s test when comparisons concern matched pairs of subjects. A p-value of R428 Only 12 (11.9%) strains of K.?kingae were cultivated (11 in joint-fluid and one in blood culture). In these 12 cases, PCR was also positive in the synovial fluid. Real-time PCR was 7.4-fold more sensitive than the synovial or blood culture in our series (89 diagnoses vs. 12, respectively). Between March and September 2011, 13 children were hospitalized for documented K.?kingae arthritis. The mean age of these patients was 16?months (9�C47?months). One child had received cefpodoxime-proxetil for 1?day before throat sampling and was therefore excluded from the analysis. Kingella kingae isolates were cultivated in eight out of the 12 throat samples (66.7%) but in none of the 12 joint fluids. Consequently, with 66.7% positive cultures, throat culture was significantly more sensitive to cultivation of K.?kingae than joint-fluid or blood cultures in children with K.?kingae arthritis (66.7% vs. 0% in the prospective study, p?0.01, and 66.7% vs. 11.9% in the retrospective study, p?