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Nactive is the number of nodes participating in the CH competition at present (also called the number of active nodes), and �� is the weight of the regulating energy factor and data frame transmission quality. In contrast to the previous judgment threshold, we have introduced two factors that mainly guarantee the optimal overall energy consumption of the network based on optimal energy consumption and link quality. 3.3. Cluster Formation Those nodes not selected as the CH are member nodes that calculate Gefitinib the fading loss for the distance between themselves and the CHs based on the notice sent out by the CH; then, they compare the total loss Li?all of completely transmitting data to the BS; Li?all=Li?CHn+LCHn?BS, where Li?CHn is the power loss between a member node and the candidate CH n and LCHn?BS refers to the loss between candidate CH n and the BS. Through comparison, the CH with the minimum Li?all value is selected as the final CH and joins in the cluster set GCH. If Li?BSOxygenase have an impact on channel fading. These factors influence the loss arising from communication fading. After the new round of CHs is generated, nodes, excluding the CH node, calculate the loss of communication between nodes for messages, indicating the role of the CH. As in the PEAFC-CL protocol, the CH with the lowest communication loss is selected as the CH for the Selleckchem Dasatinib new round of communication. As a result, some nodes may leave their previous cluster and join other clusters. The pseudo-code for Algorithm 1 PEAFC-CL is as follows: According to the timer, initially, BS send a Beacon frame to the network during the Tinitialize stage, the variable Ci_r is reset to 0 by all nodes. All nodes participating in the followed round of transmission calculate the value Li_loss based on the Beacon frame, and send a frame Probe_request to the BS (the Probe_request carry three variables: Ei_curr, Ci?request and Li_loss). After receiving the frame Probe_request, the BS calculates Nactive, Mr_max, Mr_max, ��r_max and ��r_aver and then responds to the corresponding nodes in the form of a Probe request response frame using cross-layer scheduling. During the CH selection stage, BS broadcasts the start message START_MSG (the START_MSG contains six information: Nactive, Mi_curr, Mr_aver, Mr_max, Er_max and Er_aver); each node in the network randomly generates a random number Wi_r, Wi_r��[0,Wr]. When Wi_r