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This could be due to increased metabolic demands, malabsorption, or inadequate food intake.1 Malignant transformation of cells alters their metabolism to support the tumor��s metabolic needs. This involves the shift from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, an inefficient process. This results in rapid depletion of glucose stores bepotastine and a shift towards gluconeogenesis from fat and protein stores in muscle. The body��s metabolic and immunologic response to cancer also encourages malnutrition through anorexia. Malnutrition and wasting in cancer is a prevalent condition and the incidence ranges from 30 to 80%.2�C4 In patients with head and neck cancers, malnutrition is further worsened by dysphagia, odynophagia, pain, and depressed mood.5 Malnutrition increases the risk of infections, treatment toxicity, and health-care costs. It also adversely affects the quality of life and prognosis.6�C8 The prevalence of malnutrition in the adult Kenyan population is between 9 and 12%.9,10 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most prevalent cancer in the East and Olaparib supplier South East Asian populations.11 In Kenya, NPC is the second-most common carcinoma of the head and neck after oral tumors.12 The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has been thoroughly studied. Because NPC is prevalent in Kenya, this study examined the nutritional status of patients with NPC, the parameters most useful in evaluating this, and predictors of malnutrition in this population. Methods Subjects This research was approved by the Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics and Research Committee in March 2012. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. This is the only public facility in the country with a cancer treatment center. Patients with histological diagnosis of NPC were enrolled into the study. Written consent was obtained from all study participants. Y-27632 chemical structure Controls were recruited from the dental outpatient clinic. They were matched for age and gender. All patients gave a negative history of co-morbid conditions associated with weight change in the preceding six months. Data collection Demographic characteristics (age and gender), his topathological grade based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, and stage (American Joint committee on Cancer 7th edition) were recorded. Stage of the disease was determined using clinical, endoscopic, and computed tomography (CT) scan findings in all cases. All subjects were required to undergo HIV testing. Dietary intake was entered into the Nutrition Assessment Form that contains a comprehensive list of local foods. Daily intake was then calculated by the nutritionist. Protein intake was recorded in grams and the energy intake in kilocalories using the Kenyatta National Hospital Food Exchange Index.