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Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in TRIB1 of which one was parsimony informative. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in mega4 [10]. Melioidosis is a severe infectious tropical disease associated with high mortality (septicaemic form), which is prevalent in Southeastern Asia and Northern Australia. In Brazil, the disease and its aetiological agent��an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus, B.?pseudomallei��have been sporadically reported since 2003 in the Northeast, especially in the state of Cear�� [6]. It is normally transmitted through skin wounds and contact with soil and stagnant water. Burkholderia pseudomallei is an important pathogen in humans and in a wide variety of animal species in endemic areas, including horses, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, cats and dogs [11]. Like many other infectious diseases, melioidosis is also known for its diverse clinical manifestations, and for many years in Asia it Ibrutinib research buy has been labelled ��the great mimicker�� in both the medical literature and the popular press. The most common clinical manifestations include acute, localized, suppurative skin infection, pulmonary infection and septicaemia [12]. However, melioidosis appearing as a mycotic aortic aneurysm, as described here, has rarely been reported [13]. The aortic aneurysm reported here was diagnosed by means of an exploratory laparotomy performed at the time the patient was first hospitalized. Despite the clinical�Cepidemiological evidence (farmer with fever and abdominal distension, residing in an area where melioidosis had been reported) pointing to melioidosis, with manifestation of mycotic aneurysm, the involvement of check details B.?pseudomallei was not considered. After the surgical correction of the abdominal aortic aneurysm, if the hypothesis of mycotic aneurysm caused by B.?pseudomallei had been considered, the institution of an empirical antimicrobial therapy would have been a better treatment regimen. The microbiological diagnosis was only obtained after the patient��s death, because blood cultures were performed late in the illness. Diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm is difficult because its incidence is low, even in areas where it is endemic, and the clinical presentation is diverse and may be non-specific.