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Multivariable models included participants with data for all covariates; no missing data were imputed. The interaction of frailty and age was examined. Multivariable analysis was stratified by dialysis units. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Results Table?2 shows basic demographic characteristics of the study population and corresponding characteristics of the overall US prevalent in-center HD population. Study participants ranged in age from 20 to 92 Bortezomib mouse years, with a mean (SD) of 57.1 (14.1) and median of 57.5. Forty-one percent were women. The representation of African-American patients in the cohort was higher than in the overall US in-center HD population, consistent with the selected study sites, which contributed to the younger average age of the study cohort compared with the overall US in-center HD population. The primary cause of ESRD was diabetes or hypertension in 72% of the study cohort, similar to the overall US in-center HD population. Participants' median time since ESRD treatment start was 3 years. In terms of socioeconomic status, ?76% had a high school education or above and 10% were currently employed. Table?2. Demographic characteristics of the ACTIVE-ADIPOSE study cohort and of the overall US prevalent hemodialysis population Overall, 28.4% of the cohort (216 participants) sustained one or more falls over 12 months, and 124 of these participants (57%) reported multiple falls. With a total of 671 falls reported, the fall incidence rate was 0.88 falls/person-year and was not significantly different for amputees/non-amputees. Fractures were Selleck SCH772984 sustained by 11.2% of fallers and primarily involved the upper or lower limbs, in addition to two hip fractures and a forehead injury. Among patients who sustained these injuries, e.g. broken hip and broken vertebrae, 71% were hospitalized. In unadjusted analyses, older age, female gender, CHF, PVD, COPD, higher number of prescribed medications, prefrail or frail status versus non-frail, and higher CES-D score and/or prescribed antidepressants were associated with increased odds of falling. A higher cognitive function (KDQOL-CF) score, a higher total balance tests score and higher level of serum albumin were associated with decreased odds of falling (Table?3). Table?3. OR for association of patient characteristics with Amrinone fall(s) In the multivariable-adjusted analyses, the odds of incurring falls were higher in association with frail, compared with non-frail, status (OR: 2.39, 95% CI 1.22�C4.71, P = 0.01), and the interaction of age and frailty status (P = 0.46) was not significant. Compared with a CES-D score