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All main effects and interactions for this ANOVA are shown in Table ?Table1.1. Overall, English songs were significantly more familiar than French songs (English M = 3.21, SME = 0.08; French M = 2.9, SME = 0.07), and children's songs were rated as significantly more familiar than folk songs (children's: M = 3.33, SME = 0.08; folk: M = 2.8, SME = 0.07) (Figure ?(Figure22). Figure 2 Mean familiarity ratings (left) and liking ratings (right) of English and French songs by American monolingual, American bilingual, and French listeners, shown separately for folk and children's songs. Error bars represent standard error. Table 1 Main effects and interactions for all ANOVAs conducted with familiarity rating as dependent variable. To ascertain whether listeners were more familiar BML-190 with songs from their own culture or language, we examined Cyclopamine supplier the interactions for Song Type, Language of Origin, and Language Group for each song type (children's or folk) by means of separate 2 �� 3 (Language of Origin [English, French] �� Language Group [monolingual Americans, bilingual Americans, French]) mixed-design ANOVAs, with Music Training as a covariate. For folk songs, there was a significant main effect of Language of Origin and a significant interaction between Language of Origin and Language Group (see Table ?Table1).1). English folk songs were more familiar than French folk songs (English M = 3.2, SME = 0.08; French M = 2.37, SME = 0.07) for all three groups [monolingual Americans, t(69) = 14.2, p of Language of Origin and Language Group, and an interaction between Language of Origin and Language Group (see Table ?Table1).1). Higher familiarity ratings were given to French (M = 3.44, SME = 0.09) than to English (M = 3.22, SME = 0.09) songs. French speakers gave higher overall ratings (M = 3.75, SME = 0.14) than monolingual Americans (M = 3.14, SME = 0.10) or bilingual Americans (M = 3.1, SME = 0.15), p BI 2536 datasheet p