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The investigator also conducted interviews to assess psychosocial deprivation using the EPICES score, which is a French deprivation score that is calculated based on responses to 11 questions that consider both socioeconomic conditions and family environment (see online supplementary appendix 1).7 26 29 It evaluates several domains at an individual level, including material goods, money, friendship and family networks, healthcare and leisure. As previously reported, the EPICES score is a continuous variable, and increasing quintiles are associated with increased risks for poor health conditions such as obesity, diabetes in women, higher rates of smoking, poorer access to dental and gynaecological care, and poorer perceived health statuses.24 26 However, psychosocial deprivation can be defined by lazabemide a score ��30.17,29 which was the threshold used here. Statistical analyses Sample size calculations were based on the main criterion of the IMPACT study, that is, a postpartum screening test performed 6?months following delivery.24 25 Results reported in this manuscript were prespecified, exploratory end points. Continuous variables are expressed as means��SD, and normality was assessed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. There were no missing data concerning psychosocial deprivation and main outcomes. Comparisons of two independent groups were performed using the Student t test if the variable was normally distributed; otherwise, the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney PS-341 price test was used. The significance of differences in proportions (ie, qualitative variables) were tested with the ��2 test, and the ORs and 95% CIs were calculated in cases of statistical significance (pGSK1120212 in vivo a univariate logistic regression method. For multivariate analyses, we included all factors that were associated with LGA infants with p��0.05 in the univariate analyses. SAS Statistics (V.9.2; Cary, USA) was used to conduct all statistical analyses. Results Characteristics of the women A total of 1498 women gave birth following GDM between January 2009 and February 2012 in our maternity units. Of these women, 994 responded retrospectively by phone to the EPICES questionnaire. Table?1 illustrates the characteristics of these women. The characteristics of the 994 women who responded to the EPICES questionnaire were similar to those of the 504 who did not respond, with the exception of greater daily consumptions of fruit and vegetables (66.1% vs 59.0%, respectively, p