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The adjusted HRs of the NTS source for mortality were significant (p?Sitaxentan (95%?CI?3.16�C4.48) by the end of the follow-up time. The adjusted HRs of the NTS serotype for mortality were significant at the three follow-up intervals (Table?2). There was an increased mortality risk with serotypes Infantis and Typhimurium, and a decreased mortality risk with serotypes Virchow and Hadar, as compared with serotype Enteritidis. The study revealed that patients with NTS infection due to the most frequent serotypes in Israel, i.e. Enteritidis, Virchow, Typhimurium, Hadar and Infantis, had curtailed short-term and long-term survival as compared with the general Israeli population. These findings were based on data from a large laboratory-based national database, collected over a 10-year period (1997�C2006), with a follow-up time of up to 10.8?years (mean, 6.2?years). Excess mortality as indicated by SMRs was highest at 30?days following NTS detection in culture (16.95), but remained significant at 1?year (4.25) and at the end of the follow-up period (1.83). A comparable selleck chemicals trend for 30-day and 1-year intervals was found in two other studies [9,14]. In the first, a large population-based study from Denmark [14], crude SMRs at 30?days and at 1?year were 15.4 and 3.4, respectively. In the second study from Sweden, corresponding SMRs were 5.6 and 1.8, respectively, for patients with domestically acquired NTS [9]. The present study evaluated the effect of age, sex, source of NTS and Salmonella serotypes on mortality risk. Except for sex, all of these variables had an impact on both short-term and long-term mortality up to 10.8?years of follow-up. Male sex was associated with an increased risk Selleckchem Quizartinib of mortality only at the end of the follow-up period, and this may reflect the decreased life-expectancy of males in the general population. The effect of age increased with increasing follow-up time intervals, whereas the effect of the NTS source was maximal within 30?days, and decreased over time. Other studies have pointed to the important effect of age on short-term mortality in patients with NTS infections. A population-based FoodNet active surveillance study concerning the years 1997�C1999 [5] indicated an overall case-fatality rate of 0.6%, which increased to 3.5% among the elderly (��60?years). The case-fatality rate was 74-fold higher in the elderly than in patients