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We subcutaneously injected shSAE2 and mock BGC823 cells into nude mice to examine whether SAE2 is required for tumor formation. In the group of mice injected with shSAE2 cells, one mouse displayed no tumor nodule. Moreover, xenografts were relatively smaller in the shSAE2 group compared with the control group at every time point (Figure 5A). Tumor weight was markedly reduced in the shSAE2 group compared with the mock group at the endpoint (P = .065, Figure 5B). Figure 5 SAE2 depletion inhibits subcutaneous GC xenograft growth and metastasis in vivo. A. Tumor size at different days was measured using a vernier caliper and was expressed as volume (mm3) according to the following formula: tumor volume = (length �� ... Knockdown of SAE2 suppresses PRDX5 GC cell migration, in vitro invasion, and in vivo metastasis Following the silencing of SAE2 in BGC823, SGC7901 and MKN28 cells, a reduction in wound healing (indicative of decreased migration potential) was noticed in the knockdown-SAE2 groups compared with control cells from the respective groups (Figure 4A). Similarly, down-regulation of SAE2 resulted in a decrease in migration and invasion to the undersurface compared with the control that was transfected with MCC950 solubility dmso mock cells (Figure 4B). Figure 4 SAE2 depletion attenuated the migration and invasion capabilities of GC cells in vitro. (A and B) The effect of SAE2 silencing on in vitro migration and invasion was assessed via the wound closure assay (A) and matrigel with or without the transwell assay ... To validate the effects of SAE2 on the metastasis of GC cells in vivo, BGC823 cells stably transfected with SAE2-shRNA were intravenously injected into nude mice through the tail vein. Metastatic nodules on the surface of the lungs were counted after 6 weeks. The silencing of SAE2 resulted in a reduction in the number of metastatic nodules selleck chemicals llc compared with those in the control group (Figure 5C). This difference was further confirmed following an examination of the entire lung and through the HE staining of the lung sections (Figure 5D). Significantly lower numbers of metastatic foci were observed in the lungs of mice that had been injected with silenced SAE2 BGC823 cells (P