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After the placement of interbody cages and autologous bone graft, pedicle screw-rod instrumentation was performed using the conventional technique. Meticulous hemostasis, SB431542 in vitro placement of drain, and layered wound closure were performed serially. 4. Statistical Analysis Data were expressed as mean��standard deviation in continuous variation or as the number of patients with the percentage in categorical variation. The baseline data, preoperative DSA, LL, SA, and pelvic parameters for fusion and non-union were analyzed using either the chi-square test or Mann-Whitney test. A p The study included 21 men and 52 women with an average age of 61.8 years (range 42-78 years). The mean duration of followup was 34 months (range 12-102 months). Twenty-two patients had lumbar spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis, 47 patients had lumbar spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis, and 4 patients had spondylolisthesis. The distribution of age, sex, body mass JAK inhibitor index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), smoking history, and bone mineral density (BMD) was not significantly different between the two groups (Table 2). According to the diagnosis, L4-5 group had 14 cases of spinal stenosis (23.7%), 41 of spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis (69.5%), and 4 of spondylolisthesis (6.8%). On the other hand, the L5-S1 group had 8 cases of spinal stenosis (57.1%) and 6 of spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis (42.9%). The disease category of the two groups was statistically different (p=0.041, Table 2). Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients (according to the levels) The DSA of the L4-5 group was lower than half that of the L5-S1 group (13.1��8.1�� vs. 27.2��6.7��, pMegestrol Acetate L5-S1 was not different between the two groups. LL, PI, and SS were not different between the two groups (Table 3). Table 3 Preoperative radiographic parameters of the L4-5and L5-S1 groups The radiographic fusion rates at postoperative 12 months were 89.8%(53 of 59) in the L4-5 group and 42.9%(6 of 14) in the L5-S1 group (p