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Encouraging reports of posttransplantation outcomes for alcoholic cirrhosis as good as any other indication and better than HCV infection have resulted in an increase in the number of transplantations performed for alcoholic cirrhosis over the last two decades (Fig. 5). However, posttransplantation outcomes of alcoholic patients with cirrhosis who are concomitantly infected with HCV are conflicting, because reports using large databases (such as the United Network for Organ Sharing and the European Liver Transplant Registry) have shown worse survival among HCV-infected drinkers compared with HCV-negative drinkers, but similar survival rates have been reported in a single-center database in a European study.14-16 These differences could be due to a lack of details on alcohol use and anti-HCV treatment in large databases compared www.selleckchem.com/ALK.html with single-center databases.17 Patients with alcohol-related liver disease require 6 months of abstinence before they can be listed for liver transplantation. However, this rule cannot be applied to patients with alcoholic hepatitis who do not respond to corticosteroid treatment. Recent reports of the beneficial effects Rucaparib in vivo of liver transplantation in this group of patients are encouraging and provide hope for selected alcoholic hepatitis patients who meet the criteria for liver transplantation. However, these data need confirmation in larger prospective studies before implementing this into routine clinical practice.18, 19 Alcohol-related liver disease remains an important public health problem. The World Health Organization's goal is to reduce the mortality rate from alcoholic cirrhosis to below 3.2 per 100,000 population by the year 2020, yet we are far away from this number. Further, reduction of the mortality rate in alcoholic cirrhosis is much lower compared with other etiologies of liver disease (30% versus 47%). Abstinence remains the cornerstone of treatment, with an additional need for public awareness on the toxic effects of alcohol use and the implementation of policies to restrict availability of alcohol. In this regard, there is an unmet Fluconazole need for the development of more effective treatment options for patients with alcoholic liver disease. This is more pertinent in light of the lack of research in this area, with the death to trial ratio (age-adjusted liver disease deaths per 100,000/number of clinical trials as reported at ClinicalTrials.gov) exceeding 350 for alcoholic liver disease compared with