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Eight of 10 triple negative cases were cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 14 or epidermal growth factor receptor positive, consistent with the basal-like phenotype. S-100 protein was positive in all cases. At the time of initial diagnosis, one of 13 patients had lung metastasis and axillary lymph nodes metastasis. Follow-up time ranged from 6 to 30?months. All patients remained alive. One patient developed a soft tissue metastasis 24?months after learn more surgery. ""The aim of the present study was to clarify protein profiling in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). The proteomic approach was used, and involved cell lysate from two cell lines (N231 derived from SCLC and LCN1 derived from LCNEC), with 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE). In the present study, 25 protein spots with greater than twofold quantitative differences between LCN1 and N231 cells http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldk378.html on 2-DE gels were confirmed. Within the 25 identified proteins, cytokeratins (CK) 7, 8, 18 and 19 were upregulated in LCN1 cells compared with N231 cells. The expression of CK7, 8, 18, and 19 was further studied on immunohistochemistry with 81 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pulmonary carcinomas, which included 27 SCLC, 30 LCNEC, 14 adenocarcinomas, and 10 squamous cell carcinomas. Although the expression of CK7, 8, 18, and 19 was observed in all histological types, the mean immunostaining scores of CK7, 8, 18, and 19 were significantly higher in LCNEC than in SCLC (P Ceftiofur peptide hormones and biogenic amines (such as adrenocorticotropic hormone, gastrin-releasing peptide, calcitonin, and serotonin). Generally, neuroendocrine carcinomas have morphological characteristics such as organoid structures, palisading basal cell arrangement and rosette formation. In 1991, Travis et?al. introduced the term ��large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma�� (LCNEC) to describe a distinct category of high-grade neuroendocrine tumor with biological and light microscopy characteristics different from those of high-grade small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).1 Morphologically, SCLC is composed of small (most cells less than the nuclear diameter of three small resting lymphocytes), round to fusiform cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromatic nuclei with fine chromatin, and absent or inconspicuous nucleoli. The mitotic index is high. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are more effective against SCLC than the other histological types, the prognosis of SCLC patients is very poor because most tumors relapse after chemoradiotherapy. The 5?year survival rate of SCLC patients is approximately 35.7%.