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Hyperandrogenism was defined as total testosterone (nmol/L) higher than the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the control group (2.67 nmol/L), patients with higher total testosterone belonged to the HA Group. Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism were acne, hirsutism, seborrhea, androgenic alopecia and virilization. Patients with one of clinical hyperandrogenic signs were assigned to the HS group, and others were in the NHS group. The amount of excess terminal hair growth was assessed using the mF-G method, scoring the presence of terminal hairs over nine body areas (upper lip, chin, chest, Fleroxacin upper and lower abdomen, thighs, upper and lower back, and upper arms) from 0 to 4, hirsutism was defined as mF-G score ?6[11]. The presence of acne and seborrhea was also recorded, though there is no specific scoring system for this factor. Clinical and biochemical measurements Clinical variables including waist circumference, hip circumference, body weight and height were assessed in all subjects. Whole blood was sampled on day 2�C3 of the menstrual cycle or during amenorrhea in PCOS patients. Basal sex hormone levels were measured in all PCOS and control subjects, including serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, prolactin and total testosterone. Total testosterone RO4929097 purchase and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured by radioimmunoassay (North Institute of Biological Technology, Beijing, China) and analyzed using an automatic clinical chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU5400). Free androgen index (FAI = total testosterone/SHBG �� 100%) was used to evaluate free testosterone levels[12]. To evaluate glucose metabolism in PCOS, we calculated the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value[13]. Statistical analysis Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). All parameters were given as mean ��standard deviation. Independent t-test was used to compare difference between two groups. Correlations between age and PCOS related parameters were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients with two-tailed significance tests. Chi-square analyses were used to compare the prevalence of acne, hirsutism and obesity between PCOS subgroups. We calculated prevalence and 95% CIs for the various Luminespib cost groups, and odds ratio (OR) was determined for symptoms. Categorical variables were compared by the chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. P