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In addition, sensitivity analyses were implemented to avoid biases in the results due to certain low-quality studies, and the publication bias was estimated using Begg's and Egger's tests. All P-values were two-sided, and Plearn more independent studies of two different cohorts, tissue collections A and B (20)] were ultimately considered eligible by screening the titles, Itraconazole abstracts and full texts (Fig. 1). Of these studies of the association between expression levels of miR-200c and the survival rate or disease recurrence in human malignancies, 27 were retrospective, and seven were prospective. In total, 3,940 patients from China, Germany, Finland, Japan, Spain, Australia, South Korea, Belgium, Sweden, Poland, USA, Italy or Denmark were included; these patients were diagnosed with a variety of cancer types, including endometrial cancer (8,9), gastric cancer (13,15�C17), ovarian cancer (18�C21), ccRCC (22�C24), breast cancer (25�C28), colorectal cancer (14,29), NSCLC (30�C35), prostate cancer (36), esophageal cancer (37�C39), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (40), bladder cancer (41,42) and pancreatic cancer (43). Tissue samples were predominantly used to determine expression levels of miR-200c, although six studies detected expression levels of miR-200c in serum or plasma, and one study used tissue and blood samples (14). To assess miRNA-200c expression, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) had predominantly been used in 32 studies, and in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed in three studies. The characteristics of primary studies are systematically summarized in Table I. Association of CSS/OS with miR-200c overexpression In total, 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis of the association between miR-200c overexpression and CSS/OS, and a random-effects model was applied due to the high Selleck Vandetanib level of heterogeneity (P