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Although further research is needed to identify the causes of the elevated death rates, our findings support increased availability of evidence-based overdose prevention measures. ""Understanding the course and determinants of sleep disturbances in alcoholic patients may help identify patients at high risk of persistent sleep problems, relapse and guide treatment interventions. We prospectively administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to all patients tuclazepam (N?=?196) admitted to a 1-month residential treatment program. Our analysis excluded patients with active drug abuse/dependence. Demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Inventory of Drug Taking Situations (IDTS) scores were obtained. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed using sex, age, hazardous alcohol use, PHQ-9 scores, hypnotic use, and use of alcohol as a hypnotic as correlates to admission PSQI scores and improvement in PSQI scores. selleck inhibitor A total of 119 alcoholic patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 50.6?��?13.2 years). The rates of sleep disturbances at admission and discharge were 69.3% and 49.1%, respectively. Self report of using alcohol to fall asleep and use of hypnotics were associated with elevated PSQI scores. Total PSQI scores improved over 4 weeks (p?buy XAV-939 examining the results from a national survey found rates of insomnia in alcohol withdrawal were as high as 50%.[1] Even greater rates have been described in clinical samples.[2] Insomnia in early alcohol recovery is especially important given its association with relapse. On subjective measures, both increase in sleep onset latency and subjective perception of increased sleep fragmentation have been associated with relapse.[3, 4] In a study of 172 patients about 61% of patients had insomnia for the 6 months prior to admission to an alcohol treatment program, while insomnia at admission was a robust predictor of relapse at 5 months following treatment.[3] In another study in alcoholic patients in the outpatient setting, sleep latency was a predictor of relapse at 12-week follow-up.