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TCN has been considered the agent of choice for pleurodesis in patients with symptomatic malignant pleural effusions and recurrent pneumothoraces.3 The i.v. form of TCN used for pleurodesis is no longer available and the intrapleural injection of all TCN derivatives sometimes produces severe pain. In addition, the parenteral forms of doxycycline and minocycline are not available in many counties. selleck chemicals llc Bleomycin is relatively expensive (around US$1000/patient) and is probably less efficacious than the TCN derivatives or talc.4 Talc preparations are not homogenous and the injection of at least some talc preparations can lead to ARDS and death.5 Therefore, the search for the ideal sclerosing agent for pleurodesis continues. An alternative sclerosant is iodopovidone. Two recent papers reported that iodopovidone was effective in producing pleurodesis whether it was administered at the time of thoracoscopy6 or through a chest tube.7 However, the mechanism of pleurodesis with iodopovidone is unknown and there have been no animal studies Tariquidar chemical structure comparing its efficacy with that of other agents. Corticosteroids can inhibit the inflammatory process and the formation of fibrosis, which is very important for pleurodesis. When pleurodesis is induced in rabbits with talc slurry or doxycycline, the concomitant use of corticosteroids decreases the initial inflammatory process and diminishes the efficacy of the pleurodesis.8,9 The objectives of this study were to investigate: (i) whether iodopovidone can produce a pleurodesis comparable to that produced by doxycycline in rabbits; and (ii) whether systemic corticosteroids diminish its efficacy. We hypothesized that the intrapleural administration of iodopovidone would induce an effective pleurodesis and that the pleurodesis would be less effective if steroids were administered concomitantly. The study protocol was approved by the Vanderbilt University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The method used was similar to that described in previous studies.10�C12 New Zealand white rabbits weighing 1.5�C2.0?kg were anaesthetized with an intramuscular injection of 35?mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride (Fort Dodge Animal Health Laboratories, Fort Dodge, IA, USA) and 5?mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (Fermenta, Kansas City, MO, USA). The chest was shaved and the skin was sterilized with 10% povidone-iodine (Baxter, Deerfield, GSK3B IL, USA). The rabbit was placed in the lateral decubitus position and a small (