Wizard Who Seems To Be Afraid Of A-1210477

?4I, J). Since DP1 affects floral organ identity and development, as well as floral organ number, we were curious if it regulates the expression of genes known to affect floral development, most of which are MADS family transcription factors. To this end, we performed qRT-PCR to quantify the expression of over a dozen genes in the wild type and the dp1�C2 mutant young inflorescences less than 1?cm, between 1?cm and 2?cm, and between 2?cm and 3?cm in length, in which floral organs start to initiate. We studied putative B function genes (OsMADS2, OsMADS4 and OsMADS16), C function genes (OsMADS3, OsMADS58 and DL), D function gene (OsMADS13), E function genes (OsMADS1, OsMADS6, OsMADS7, OsMADS8 and OsMADS17), AP1/SQUA sub-family genes (OsMADS14, OsMADS15 and OsMADS18), and CLV1-homolog FON1 ( Agrawal et al., 2005, Dreni et al., 2007, Kater et al., 2006, Kyozuka et al., 2000, Li et al., 2010, Moon et al., 1999, Nagasawa et al., 2003, Ohmori et al., 2009, LDN-193189 clinical trial Suzaki et al., 2004, Wang et al., 2010?and?Yamaguchi et al., 2006). While most of these tested genes did not show conspicuous alteration in the dp1�C2 mutant (P?>?0.05; A-1210477 Fig.?5A), E function genes OsMADS1, OsMADS6 and OsMADS17, as well as OsMADS15 were expressed at 30%�C50% of wild type levels in the dp1�C2 mutant (P?diglyceride 371 nt) in dp1�C1, two substitutions (A62S and H288P), a 3?bp deletion (952 nt to 954 nt), and a 6?bp insertion of two His after 39 nt in dp1�C2, and a 51?bp deletion (396 nt to 446 nt) in dp1-3 in the coding region ( Fig.?6B). In addition, we found several polymorphism sites in the promoter region of dp1�C2 (Table S1). We introduced the Os06g0136900 genomic fragment with its 5728?bp 5�� upstream region and 2577?bp 3�� downstream region into dp1�C2, and found that the spikelets and floral organs were completely rescued to the wild type shape in all ten independent transgenic lines we obtained ( Fig.?6C), indicating that Os06g0136900 is the DP1 gene. The identity of the DP1 gene was also confirmed by silencing DP1 products using RNA interference. Six independent transgenic lines transformed with an inverted repeat containing a DP1 region were generated and named DP1i. All transgenic plants had similar phenotypes to dp1 mutants ( Fig.?6E).