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Analyses employed R?2.7.0 [20] and Stata?10.0 [21]. Ethics approval was received from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and the UCL Institute of Neurology Joint Research Ethics Committee. Two-hundred and thirty-six first episodes of BSI were included, of which 176 were caused by CONS, two by group?B streptococcus, 27 by Gram-positive organisms other than group?B streptococcus, 17 by Gram-negative organisms, and four by yeasts. Ten episodes were mixed cultures, of which six contained CONS. The Poisson regression models were fitted for 2269 babies (940 from NICU?1 and 1329 from NICU?2). The median birthweight was lower in NICU?1 than in NICU?2: 2000?g (interquartile range (IQR)?1320�C2955?g) Dinaciclib solubility dmso vs. 2536?g (IQR?1740�C3240?g). The median gestational age at birth was similar for the NICUs: 35?weeks (IQR?30�C39?weeks) in NICU?1 and 36?weeks (IQR?33�C39?weeks) in NICU?2. As the two NICUs had similar rates of BSI, c.?6/1000 baby-days, and similar findings for all analyses, we present their aggregate results. Level of care was the single strongest risk factor Selleckchem Birinapant for BSI, in terms of optimizing the QIC. Intensive care accounted for 36% (14?443/40?218) of total NICU days and 58% (138/236) of BSIs, and high-dependency care accounted for 9% (3603/40?218) of NICU days and 20% (47/236) of BSIs (Table?2). When both hospitals were combined, the optimal adjusted model consisted of level of care, birthweight, inborn/outborn status, and postnatal age (Table?3). Total parenteral nutrition was the second strongest risk factor for BSI. In NICU?2, total parenteral Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nutrition accounted for 16% (3375/21?281) of NICU days and 56% of BSIs (72/129) (Table?2). The separate model including total parenteral nutrition is shown in Table?3. When data for NICU?2 only were used, the multivariable model including total parenteral nutrition (QIC?1450) did not fit the data as well as a multivariable model incorporating level of care (QIC?1323; full results not shown). Ventilation was associated with an increased BSI risk in the crude analysis, but this effect was attenuated by adjustment for birthweight, inborn/outborn status, and postnatal age (adjusted rate ratio?1.30, 95%?CI?0.81�C2.11, p?0.277). BSI risk was highest in the most premature and in term babies, with preterm babies born in the third trimester having the lowest risk. Babies with birthweights below 1200?g were at higher risk than heavier babies (Table?2). The optimal adjusted model retained birthweight as an independent risk factor for BSI (Table?3). We performed a sensitivity analysis with birthweight ��1200?g split into three categories (1200 to