Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II Will Teach You All New Lingo . We'll Stroll Into The Operation

7%), EV in 12 (3%), and HCoV Type 229 in 2 (0.5%) (Fig.?1). Viral co-infections were detected in 169 children (42.5%). The frequency of co-infections were for infants 12?months 28.3% (114/403) (p?0.119). The most frequent viral co-infections were RSVA-RSVB in 46 children (27.2%), RSV�CINFL in 20 (11.8%), RSV�CRV in 18 (10.6%), PIV�CRV in 13 (7.7%), PIV�CINFL�CRSV in 9 (5.3%), RSV�CPIV in 8 (4.7%), RSV�CHBoV 5 in (3%), PIV�CINFL Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in 5 (3%), PIV�CRSV�CADV in 5 (3%), RSV�CHMPV in 4 (2.3%), RSV�CADV in 3 (1.7%), PIV�CADV in 3 (1.7%), and PIV�CINFL�CADV in 3 (1.7%) (Fig.?2). There was no difference in the distribution of viruses between non-hospitalized and hospitalized children, with the exception of RSV infection, which was detected more frequently in the latter (p?0.011). Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of viral co-infection increased the risk for hospitalization (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01�C2.29; p?0.04). When this analysis was performed only in children who had tested positive for at least one virus (n?=?397) the increased risk for hospitalization remained (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.061�C2.65; p?0.026). Other risk factors associated with hospitalization were age PD98059 supplier p?0.0001) (Table?2). In contrast, a negative association of pneumococcal vaccination with risk for hospitalization (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33�C0.81; p?0.004) was found. Among hospitalized click here children there was no statistically significant association of viral co-infections with use of bronchodilators and fever on presentation or length of hospitalization. Broadening viral diagnosis in respiratory tract infections may help clinicians to decrease unnecessary prescriptions of antibiotics, implement early antiviral treatments when available, and prevent virus transmission. In the present study we used a DNA/RNA microarray assay that allows detection and identification simultaneously of 17 types of common and newly discovered human viruses. This method is versatile and greatly expands the spectrum of detectable viruses in a single assay, while simultaneously allowing discrimination among viral subtypes [13]. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest series of children studied prospectively with the aim of detecting single or multiple respiratory viral infections by microarray technology. Few studies have evaluated the use of microarrays for the detection of multiple respiratory viruses in children [11,12,14]. The detection rate in these studies, depending on the clinical syndrome and the assay used, was between 58 and 85%, which is similar to our study (70.1%).