A Tucked away Diamond Of DAPT

[5] Only recently, new attention has been paid to the heterogeneity of COPD, in consideration of the variability of response to treatments based on disease severity irrespective of dominant phenotype. In this review, we first BML-190 summarize the most relevant knowledge of lung function in COPD accumulated over the last century. Then, we discuss the limitations of the current clinical use of lung function tests for the diagnosis of COPD and the perspectives offered by newly developed methods. Pioneering studies, investigating the relationships between pathology and lung function, showed that early inflammatory changes in COPD occur in the membranous and respiratory bronchioles and may be associated with abnormal tests of small-airway function when spirometry is still normal.[6] The reason for this discrepancy was explained by direct measurements of small-airway resistance. By using a pressure catheter, Macklem and Mead[7] provided the first evidence that the resistance of small airways, that is with internal diameter Doxorubicin molecular weight to Selleckchem DAPT be explained by a generalized narrowing of the most peripheral airways rather than a reduction in their number. This is because lumen narrowing increases airway resistance in proportion to the radius change raised to the fourth power, whereas it is necessary to lose one half of small airways to double their resistance. Bignon et?al.[9] provided the first histological evidence in support of the theory that the airways narrow in COPD by showing that the proportion of bronchioles