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001, �� = 0.56). The impact of these variables on the level of PAI-1, using this model, is shown in table 3. Table 3 The impact of demographic and clinical variables on PAI-1 index using univariate linear regression LOG (PAI-1) With regard to the likely effect of confounding variables on the relationship between addiction and PAI-1 level, multivariate linear regression model was used to examine the effect of variables with a P value of less than 0.2 in the univariate method. In other words, the only variables that were entered into multivariate models were variables that had a P value less than 0.2 in the univariate model. The results of this model showed that opium addiction was still significantly increasing the levels of PAI-1 (P Temsirolimus supplier there was a significant relationship between female gender and level of this inhibitor (P PD173074 other words, female gender was an independent risk factor for increased levels of PAI-1. Furthermore, between cigarette smoking and levels of this inhibitor, there was a significant boundary relationship (P = 0.058). This means that smoking was determined as an independent risk factor for increasing the level of PAI-1. The related data are shown in table 4. Table 4 Multivariate linear regression Discussion This study, which was conducted on opium addicted and non-addicted patients with CHD, showed that the serum levels of PAI-1 in patients with opium addiction was about four times that in non-addicted patients. PAI-1 serum levels were higher in addicted patients and had no relationship with the dosage used. Today, the defects of fibrinolytic activity have been identified in the case of atherothrombotic vascular disease.13,14 This flaw in the occurrence of diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, has been proven. However, its relationship with atherosclerosis is not yet known.15,16 In patients with cardiovascular disease, especially in patients with a history of MI or acute MRIP coronary syndrome (ACS), impaired fibrinolytic activity was observed at rest and after physical activity and this disorder was associated with increased levels of PAI-1 in blood.17,18 In addition, PAI-1 activity in patients with diabetes mellitus with MI is very high.19 Moreover, PAI-1 activity and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglyceride levels, respectively, had a positive and negative relationship with insulin sensitivity.20 High levels of PAI-1 is considered as a predictive factor in the incidence of MI.21 Previous studies have shown that plasma fibrinogen levels in men with opium addiction are higher than men with CHD.12 Studies have also showed a positive relationship between serum levels of fibrinogen and the incidence of MI.22,23 It has also been shown that fibrinogen levels have increased the possibility of vessel lumen involvement.